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OITE > Basic Science > Flashcards

Basic Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common culture isolate in necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Polymicrobial

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2
Q

What is the MOA of calcitonin?

A

Binds to osteoclast receptors, which decreases the ruffled border, followed by cell retraction, and therefore arrest of bone resorption

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3
Q

What is denosumab?

A

IgG2 monoclonal antibody against RANKL

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4
Q

What is teriparatide?

A

recombinant PTH; anabolic effect via activating osteoblasts

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5
Q

What effects does calcitonin have on osteocytes?

A

inhibits apoptosis and increased expression of sclerostin (a Wnt-signaling inhibitor)

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6
Q

What is the MOA of enoxaparin?

A

Enoxaparin binds to and increases the activity of antithrombin III

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7
Q

What is the MOA of osteoprotegrin?

A

Binds to and sequesters RANKL preventing osteoclastic differentiation

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8
Q

What artery provides the blood supply to the outer third the long bone diaphysis?

A

periosteal arteriole

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9
Q

What artery provides the blood supply to the inner two thirds of long bones?

A

Nutrient artery

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10
Q

Is DBM osteoconductive or osteoinductive?

A

It is both; but not osteogenic

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11
Q

Is BMP osteodconductive, osteoinductive, or osteogenic?

A

osteoinductive

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of BMP in bone formation?

A

activates mesenchymal cells to transform into osteoblasts and produce bone

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of osteoprotegrin in bone formation?

A

OPG inhibits both osteoclast activation and differentiation by acting as a decoy receptor for RANK-L.

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14
Q

Bridge plating relies on what kind of bone healing?

A

Relative stability; Secondary (endochondral) bone healing through chondrocytes proliferation and hypertrophy

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15
Q

Anatomic fracture reduction relies on what time of bone healing?

A

Absolute stability; primary (intramembranous) bone healing through Haversian canals and cutting cones

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16
Q

What is DBM made up of?

A

collagen, TGF-beta, BMP, and residual calcium; it is bone osteoinductive and osteoconductive but not osteogenic

17
Q

What are the FDA indications for use of recombinant human (rh) BMP-2?

A

Acute open tibia shaft fractures treated within 14 days and single level ALIFs

18
Q

What is the definition of strain?

A

Change in length / original length of an object due to an external force

19
Q

Salter-Harris type I fractures typically occur through which zone of the physis?

A

Zone of provisional calcification

20
Q

What region of the physis does collagen type X play a prominent role?

A

Type X collagen is important for bone mineralization and is produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes in the zone of hypertrophy.

21
Q

What is the mechanism of Sclerostin?

A

Sclerostin impedes osteoblast proliferation and function by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathways and thus inhibits bone formation.

OITE (13 decks)

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