Foot

Question 1

Talus

Answer 1

Second largest of the tarsals

forms the lower member of the talocrural joint

Question 2

Talus: Head

Answer 2

rounded, convex, distal articular surface of the talus

Question 3

Talus: body

Answer 3

squarish bulk of the bone posterior to the taller neck

Question 4

Talus: trochlea

Answer 4

saddle shaped articular surface of the body

its sides are the lateral and medial malleolar surfaces which articulate with the fibula and tibia respectively

Question 5

Talus: neck

Answer 5

connects the head of the talus to the body
Occasionally there are small articular facets (squatters’ facets) formed by contact with the anterior surface of the distal tibia

Question 6

Talus: groove for flexor hallucinations longus

Answer 6

short, nearly vertical groove on the posterior surface of the taller body

Question 7

Talus: calcanea or subtalar articular surfaces

Answer 7

on the inferior aspect of the talus are usually three in number and variable in shape

Question 8

Talus: sulcus tali

Answer 8

deep groove between the posterior and the middle calcanea articular surfaces

Question 9

Talus: positional siding

Answer 9

head is medial when viewed from above and aligns with the hallux

Question 10

Calcaneus

Answer 10

heel bone
largest of the tarsal bones and largest bone in the foot
located inferior to the talus and articulates anteriorly (distally) with the cuboid

Question 11

Calcaneus: calcanea tuber

Answer 11

large, blunt, nonartciular, posterior process of the heel

Question 12

Calcaneus: lateral and medial processes

Answer 12

on the plantar portion of the calcanea tuberosity

lateral process much smaller than the medial

Question 13

Calcaneus: sustentaculum tali

Answer 13

the shelf on the medial side of the calcaneus

supports the talar head

Question 14

Calcaneus: sustentacular sulcus (groove)

Answer 14

just inferior to the sustentaculcum is a pronounced groove

Question 15

Calcaneus: fibular (peroneal) tubercle

Answer 15

rounded projection low on the lateral surface of the calcanea body

Question 16

Calcaneus: positional siding

Answer 16

with the heel away from you and the articular surface up, the shelf projects to the side from which the bone comes

Question 17

Cuboid

Answer 17

sits on the lateral side of the foot sandwiched between the calcaneus and the fourth and fifth metatarsals
recognised by its large size and projecting, pointed, proximal articular surface
Most cube-shaped of the foot bones

Question 18

Cuboid: positional siding

Answer 18

look directly at the flat nonarticular surface

With the cancaneal facet toward you, the tuberosity projects laterally on the side from which the bone comes

Question 19

Navicular

Answer 19

strongly concave proximal surface that articulates with the head of the talus
On the distal surface the navicular has a large facet divided by two ridges

Question 20

Cuboid: tuberosity

Answer 20

large tuberosity on the inferolateral surface of the bone

Question 21

Navicular: tubercle

Answer 21

large, blunt projection on the medial side of the bone

Question 22

Navicular: positional siding

Answer 22

hold the bone by the base of the tubercle, with the concave articular surface facing you and the flat nonarticular side up
the tip of the tubercle points toward the side from which the bone comes

Question 23

Medial (first) cuneiform

Answer 23

articulates with the navicular
less wedge-shaped than the other cuneiforms and is distinguished by the kidney-shaped facet for the base of the first metatarsal

Question 24

Medial cuneiform: positional siding

Answer 24

place the large kidney-shaped articular surface away from you and orient its long axis vertically with the smaller more concave navicular facet toward you
With the bone resting on its blunter end the only other facet is near the top and faces toward the side from which the bone comes

Question 25

Intermediate (second) cuneiform

Answer 25

smallest of the three cuneiforms located between navicular and second metatarsal articulates with the first and third cuneiforms

Question 26

Lateral (third) cuneiform

Answer 26

intermediate in size between the other cuneiforms | Medially it contacts the intermediate cuneiform, laterally the cuboid, and proximally the navicular

Question 27

Lateral cuneiform: positional siding

Answer 27

place the flat, nonarticular surface up (wedge down) with the smaller end facet toward you The Africa shaped facet is away from you the longest boundary of the upper surface is on the side from which the bone comes

Question 28

First Metatarsal (M1)

Answer 28

shortest but most massive metatarsal

Question 29

M1 siding

Answer 29

the basal facet has a convex medial profile and a straight lateral profile

Question 30

M2

Answer 30

longest and narrowest metatarsal | two lateral facets at the base

Question 31

M2 siding

Answer 31

most proximal point on the base is lateral to the main shaft axis

Question 32

M3

Answer 32

similar to M2 its base has two medial basal facets that are smaller than M2 lateral facets The lateral facet is single and large Base is squarer and there is a large, bulging tubercle distal to the lateral articular facet

Question 33

M3 siding

Answer 33

most proximal point on the base is lateral to the main shaft axis

Question 34

M4

Answer 34

shorter than M2 or M3 single medial and lateral basal facets the proximal facet for the cuboid is fairly oval

Question 35

M4 siding

Answer 35

most proximal point on the base is lateral to the main shaft axis

Question 36

M5

Answer 36

bears a styloid process, a distinctive, blunt, nonarticular basal projection that projects proximally

Question 37

M5 siding

Answer 37

the styloid process is lateral | groove on the base of the tubercle is inferior

Question 38

Phalanges: siding

Answer 38

head is distal and the base is proximal | dorsal phalangeal shaft surfaces are smooth and straight, whereas the plantar surfaces are more irregular and curved

Question 39

Intermediate (second) cuneiform: positional siding

Answer 39

place the flat, nonarticular surface up and the concave facet away from you The outline of the superior surface is a square whose most projecting corner points towards the side from which the bone comes