Food Science Flashcards
crispy, osmotic pressure
turgor
ethylene gas causes…
ripening
chlor + acid=olive green
-ppl be fightin for breadstick at olive garden
pheophytin
chlor + basic = bright green
chlorophyllin
red, blue & purple foods
flavonoids
white or yellow foods
anthoxanthins
quality, firmness, color, maturity
usda food grades
meat connective tissues
collagen & elastic
collagen + heat=
gelatin
Prime, Choice, Select & Standard
(highest-lowest marbling)
Meat Grades
-fry, broiling, grilling, roast
-good for tender cuts
dry heat methods
-steam simmer, stew & braise
-good for tough cuts
moist heat methods
wider surface area/pick up more bacteria
ground meats
milk protein
casein (80%) & whey
gliadin & glutenin mixed
gluten
flour with low gluten
cake flour
steals & holds moisture
ex: sugar
hygroscopic
-can prevent gluten formation
-too much crumbly
sugar
gelatinization
startch
yeast, baking soda/powder, air
leavening agents
yeast inhibitor
salt
acid + sodium bicarb
baking powder
mixing method
croissants (flaky)
-direct contact heat
-ex: pan on gas stove
conduction
-movement of hot air or liquid, fan forced
ex: oven
convection
electromagnetic waves
ex: microwave
radiation
unexposed coil (no flame)
-safer
induction
-more liquid
-less baking powder
-boiling point lowers
high altitude baking
ex: stale
retrogradiation
-stored plant glucose
-can thicken (potato)
starch
browning–bread crust, roasted coffee & steak
Malliard reaction
-liquid or gas/gas into liquids
-ex: custard, mayo, gravy
dispertion
propionate & sodium benzoate
mold inhibitors
-helps 2 substances mix
-ex: lecitin
emulsifier
prevents lumps
ex: mannitol
anti-caking agent
pectin, gums & carrageenan
thickeners
retains moisture
ex: sorbitol
humectant
-extends shelf-life
ex: BHA, BHT
synthetic antioxidants
avo oil
high smoke point
pectin
thickens jellies/jams
percentage daily values
Percent Daily Value on food labels is required for total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, total sugar, added sugars, dietary fiber, protein, vitamin D, potassium, calcium, and iron.
“fat free food”
<0.5 grams total fat per serving
most effected by food processing
vitamins