FOCS Non Verbal Comm

Question 1

Nonverbal communication includes all other aspects of communication other than words

Answer 1

• Gestures
• Body Language
• How we utter words
• Features of environments
• Objects that affect personal images and interaction patterns
• Accounts 65%-93% of total meaning of communication

Question 2

Nonverbal communication is ambiguous

Answer 2

• Never be sure that others understand the meanings we intend to express
• Read meanings into our behaviours that we do not intend
• Ambiguity of nonverbal communication also arises because meanings change over time

Question 3

Nonverbal communication adding volume to verbal communication

Answer 3

• Involving encoding and decoding
  
  • Encoding: Using nonverbal symbols to create meaning
  • Assigning meaning to nonverbal symbols
• These rules tells us when
  
  • Certain behaviours are understood (Constitutive rules)
  • When and where certain behaviours are appropriate and inappropriate (Regulative rules)
• Culturally agreed-upon rules reduce but do not completely eliminate the ambiguity of nonverbal communication

Question 4

Nonverbal behaviours with verbal communication

Answer 4

• NV behaviours may repeat verbal messages
  
  • Nod head while saying yes
  • Counting 1 2 3 with fingers
• NV B… may highlight verbal communication
  
  • Emphasise certain words

Question 5

Nonverbal communication may complement or add to words → (regulates interaction)

Answer 5

Regulative Rules:

• Emphasising verbal statements with forceful gestures
• Nonverbal behaviours may contradict verbal messages
  
  • “Nothing’s wrong” when something is wrong
  • Rolling eyes while saying “I don’t know”

Question 6

Nonverbal communication establishes relationship-level meanings
- Powerful in expressing relationship-level meanings

Answer 6

Responsiveness, Liking and Power

Question 7

Responsiveness for NV establishing relation level meanings

Answer 7

• Responsiveness: We use eye contact, inflection, facial expressions and body posture to show interest in others
  
  • Eye contact, turning eye away

Question 8

Liking for NV establishing relation level meanings

Answer 8

• Liking: Nonverbal behaviours are keen indicators of whether we feel positive or negative about others
  
  • Smiles, friendly touching, shake hands

Question 9

Power for NV establishing relation level meanings

Answer 9

• Power: We use nonverbal behaviours to assert dominance and to negotiate status
  
  • Men more likely than woman to enter others’ spaces
  • Silence is powerful → Exerts control
  • Silence accompanied by a glare → Disapproval
  • In Asian, silence signals mindful attentiveness

Question 10

Nonverbal communication reflects cultural values

Answer 10

• Nonverbal communication is not instinctual
  
  • Learned in the process of socialisation
  • US → Individualistic culture (territorial)
  • Brazilian → Collectivist (less territorial)

Question 11

Types of NV Behaviours

Answer 11

Kinesics
Haptics
Physical Appearance
Olfactics
Artifacts
Proxemics and Personal Space
Environmental Factors
Chronemics
Paralanguage/Vocalics
Silence

Question 12

Kinesics

Answer 12

• Kinesics refers to body position and body motions including those of the face
  
  • Movement of face and body
    
    • Detecting micro-expressions
  • Body postures and gestures
  • Facial expressions
    
    • Eye contact, gaze
  • Communicate moods
  • Signal whether we are open to interaction

Question 13

Haptics

Answer 13

• Haptics is a term for NV communication involving physical touch
  
  • Touching and being touched are essential to healthy life
  • Heart of the human experience

Question 14

Physical Appearance

Answer 14

• Physical Appearance
  
  • Western cultures value physical experience
  • No factual basis but can affect personal and social relationships
  • Modified by ethnicity and socioeconomic class
  • Includes physiological characteristics

Question 15

Olfatics

Answer 15

Perception of odours and scents

Question 16

Artifacts

Answer 16

• Personal objects we use to announce our identities and personalise our environments
• Reflect distinct organisational identities
  
  • Business → Suits
  • High tech → Dress down attire

Question 17

Proxemics and Personal Space

Answer 17

• Proxemics and Personal Space
  
  • Involves the use of space and distance
    
    • Expectancy violation theory:
      
      • Hidden dimensions of culture where each person has a radius of space for each type of closeness
      • Violating some zones are sometimes preferable to confirmations of expectations

Question 18

Expectancy Violation Theory

Answer 18

• Hidden dimensions of culture where each person has a radius of space for each type of closeness
• Violating some zones are sometimes preferable to confirmations of expectations

Question 19

Environmental Factors

Answer 19

Elements of settings affecting how we think, feel and act

Question 20

Chronemics

Answer 20

How we perceive and use time to define identities and interaction

Question 21

Paralanguage/Vocalics

Answer 21

• Vocal characteristics that provide information
• Murmurs, gasps and sights