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Media Law and FOCS > FOCS Interpersonal Communication > Flashcards

FOCS Interpersonal Communication Flashcards

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1
Q

Facts Interpersonal Communication Part 1

A
  • Creates a connection between people such that one person’s actions affect and reflect the other person’s actions
  • Involves paying attention to the characteristics and circumstances that makes the participants unique individuals
  • Can include more than two people
    • Occurs between two people is aka Dyad
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2
Q

Facts Interpersonal Communication Part 2

A
  • Interpersonal communication isn’t about the number of people present but the personal interaction involved
    • Communicate with a group in a personal and involving the connection of everyone
  • Face to face interaction
    • Isn’t about the tools used to communicate but the presence of personal interaction
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3
Q

Interperson communication is a….

A
  • Continuous process
    • When one is speaking, the other is communicating through body position, eye contact and facial expression
    • Channel depends on the medium these people use
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4
Q

Interperson communication is a….

A
  • Dynamic process
    • Meanings change and unfold over time
    • Previous messages set contextualises how subsequent messages are created and understood
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5
Q

Interperson communication is a….

A
  • Consequential
    • Produces outcomes
    • Whether deliberate or unintentional
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6
Q

Interperson communication is a….

A
  • Irreversible
    • Can’t take bak the messages you communicated
    • Part of shared history
    • Never recapture the moment when your response would have been most appropriate
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7
Q

Interperson communication is a….

A
  • Imperfect
    • My thoughts can never be completely communicated to another person
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8
Q

Why care about interpersonal communication?

A
  • Keeps us healthy
  • Helps us build successful relationships and careers
  • Not innate. Needs to be learned
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9
Q

Isn’t all communication interpersonal

A
  • Communication that occurs between people and creates a personal bond between them
  • Occurs between two or more people whose lives are interdependent and mutually influence one another in unique ways
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10
Q

Types of messages

A
  • Content messages
    • Literal and typical meanings
  • Relational messages
    • Symbols people have for the relationship between communicators
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11
Q

Misconception about interpersonal communication

A
  • Not a natural ability
    • Human need to understand how a situation is shaped, and this requires effort and practice to develop
  • Does not always solve problems
    • Can produce greater misunderstanding
  • Does not always build close relationships
    • Can damage relationships
  • Does not always advance pro-social goals
    • Can advance positive outcome but does not always do so
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12
Q

Goals for interpersonal communication

A
  • Instrumental
    • Getting things done
  • Relationship-maintenance
    • Define and maintain relationships
  • Self presentation
    • Controlling how self is perceived by others
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12
Q

Practising interpersonal communication

A
  • Necessary as you cannot avoid exchanging messages with people
  • Engage in interpersonal communication without a lot of practice or knowledge
  • Skill like soccer or music
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13
Q

Communication Competence

A
  • Ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in personal relationships
  • Knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns
  • Ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various texts
  • Communicating “well”
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14
Q

Measurement Standards

A

Fidelity, Appropriateness, Satisfaction, Effectiveness, Efficiency and Ethics

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15
Q

Measurement Standards Fidelity

A
  • Clarity of a message
  • Exists when a receiver can hear the messages and interpret meanings accurately
  • Can be undermined by noise in the environment
16
Q

Measurement Standards Appropriateness

A
  • Messages produced match the requirements of situation
  • Guided by social rules
  • Guidelines that specify the actions that are expected, preferred and off-limits
17
Q

Measurement Standards Satisfaction

A
  • Enjoyable
  • Feelings after a good conversation vs Feelings after a bad one
  • In workplace → High quality content messages
18
Q

Measurement Standards Effectiveness

A
  • Meeting the goals
  • Produce outcomes that you want
19
Q

Measurement Standards Efficiency

A
  • If you can produce the outcomes you seek
  • If you request was granted after just a little effort → Efficient communication
20
Q

Measurement Standard Ethics

A
  • Consideration of what constitutes right versus wrong or good versus evil
  • Using values as a moral guide when you interact with other people
21
Q

Promoting Communication Competence

A

Motivation Knowledge Skills

22
Q

Promoting Communication Competence- Motivation

A
  • Motivation
    • Competent communication takes effort
    • Pay attention to what is and what is not appropriate
    • Desire to communicate well
23
Q

Promoting Communication Competence- Knowledge

A
  • Knowledge
    • Knowing what communication behaviours are best for situation
    • Knowing the needs and wants of others
24
Q

Promoting Communication Competence- Skills

A
  • Skill to act upon the motivation and knowledge
  • Ability to create and perform behaviours that are appropriate and effective in a given social situation
25
Q

The role of culture, setting and age

A

Cultural Difference , Setting , Age , What should we do?

26
Q

The role of culture, setting and age: Cultural Difference

A
  • Cultural difference
    • Reason that perception of communication competence vary
    • Shapes fidelity, rules for appropriateness, factors leading to satisfaction
27
Q

The role of culture, setting and age: Setting

A
  • Setting
    • Depend on the setting in which the interaction takes place
    • Subtle variations between settings can have dramatic consequences for evaluations of messages
28
Q

The role of culture, setting and age: Age

A
  • Age
    • Differences in age
29
Q

The role of culture, setting and age: What should we do???

A

Practice, practice and practice

30
Q
  • Theory: Description of the relationships among concepts that helps us to understand a phenomenon
A
  • Highlights specific concepts
    - Focuses on some parts and ignore other details
    • Relationships of concepts
      • Does more than identify relevant concepts
      • Create own relationships
    • Incomplete
      • Pieces of theory are missing
    • Tested against the experiences of people
      • We use them to test our hypotheses on people
31
Q

Research: Systemic way of observing reality with an aim to test theory

A
  • Interviews → Ask people questions about their communicators
  • Ethnography → Observe a group of people
  • Surveys/Questionnaires → Short answer or MCQ
  • Interaction Studies → Records conversations and examines of patterns of communication
  • Experiments → Manipulates some aspect of situation and records behaviours under those conditions
32
Q

ICC Theory 1: Social Penetration Theory

A
  • The “onion model”
    • Social penetration as a process of “peeling” layers of personal information
    • Takes time to get to “core self”
    • Stages
      • Orientation, Exploratory-Affective, Affective, Stable Exchange
  • Social penetration is accomplished through self-disclosure
  • Self-disclosure
    • Purposeful process of revealing information about oneself
    • Increases intimacy to a certain degree
    • Involves rewards and risks
  • Some tips
    • Take “baby steps” (usually…)
    • Go layer by layer
    • Be mindful of reciprocation
33
Q

ICC Theory 2: Politeness Theory

A
  • Assumption: Each individual has “face”
  • Rational capacities
  • Face, two types:
    • Positive Face → The positive and consistent image people have of themselves, and their desire for approval, appreciation
    • Negative Face → Basic claim to territories, personal preserves, and rights to non-distraction, freedom from imposition
  • Politeness strategies
    • Satisfying positive face
    • Satisfying negative face
    • Mitigating impact of “Face Threatening Acts” (FTAs)
      • FTAs vary in importance depending on power, distance, rank (subject sensitivity)
34
Q

ICC Theory 3: Uncertainty Reduction Theory

A
  • Key concepts
    • Uncertainty: Having a number of possible alternative predictions or explanations
    • Uncertainty Reduction: Making sense of something to increase our ability to accurately predict of explain
  • Key propositions (theorems)
    • Communication between strangers decreases uncertainty
    • High levels of uncertainty increases information seeking behaviour
    • Low levels of uncertainty increases intimacy
    • Similarity between persons reduces uncertainty

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