FO CLASS #4 - Week of 22419 FFP – TP Pgs 1-36,Comm.Man,Ch.9No Add's, T.B.–Salvage,T.B.–Tools 9,PAIDS–1-72&6-72 BC Ken Ruggiero Flashcards
- Listed below are four definitions of construction terms taken from the glossary in the taxpayer bulletin. Which term/s listed below is/are not correctly described? (More than one Incorrect) Glossary
A. An axial load is a force perpendicular to the supporting member. An axial load is straight and true and is evenly applied to the bearing structure.
B. An eccentric load is a force whose resultant is perpendicular to the supporting member and passes through the center of the mass. The load is not evenly applied to the supporting or bearing member.
C. Impact loads are loads delivered in a short time on structural members and produce stresses on structural members that may not have been provided for in design and may cause collapse.
D. Lateral loads are loads that are exerted outwardly on a horizontal plane. These forces may take place during a collapse or an explosion. Walls are not usually designed to withstand severe lateral loads.
E. Spalling is the process by which masonry surfaces lose successive layers of their mass when exposed to excessive water.
B, E
Axial load .
is a force perpendicular to the supporting member. An axial load is straight and true and is evenly applied to the bearing structure.
Eccentric load
is a force whose resultant is perpendicular to the supporting member but does not pass through the center of the mass. The load is not evenly applied to the supporting or bearing member.
Impact load
are loads delivered, in a short time, on structural members and produce stresses on structural members that may not have been provided for in design and may cause collapse.
Lateral load
are loads that are exerted outwardly on a horizontal plane. These forces may take place during a collapse or an explosion. Walls are not usually designed to withstand severe lateral loads.
Spall
the process by which masonry surfaces lose successive layers of their mass when exposed to excessive heat.
2. During a drill members were describing taxpayers with their new proby and made the following four points. Which point listed below is not correct? 2.1, 2.2 A. Taxpayers are business structures one or two stories in height. B. Taxpayers are commonly of class 3 construction with exterior firewalls and wooden interior structural members. C. Their areas vary from 20' x 50' to areas of whole city blocks, the most common size being approximately 100' x 100'. They can be built on one or more lots with adjoining structures of greater heights on three sides. D. These buildings are usually single structures commonly sheltering from one to as many as 10 different businesses with fire resistive partitions and fire stops in the cocklofts.
D
2.2.2 These buildings are usually single structures commonly sheltering from one to as many as 15 different businesses with weak non-fire resistive partitions and no fire stops in the cocklofts.
- The taxpayer bulletin tells us that there are three broad categories of taxpayers:
- The older type built from the turn of the century until the 1920’s. This type is usually one story in height but there are some that have two stories. Some of the older structures have partitions, girders, beams, and columns of wood and may be considered wood frame buildings although most have masonry exteriors.
- The most prevalent type built from the 1920’s into the 1960’s. They are usually larger in area than the older types and many are one-tenant occupancies, such as supermarkets, bowling alleys, restaurants, factories, etc.
- The newer type construction built since the 1960’s. These contain the same type of occupancies and the structural features will be similar to the previous types except that the use of combustible construction material has been reduced. In many of these buildings the difference will be the steel bar joists that are used to support the floors and roof in place of wood beams.
In which category above will a firefighter be able to normally remove the cornice to gain access to a fire in the cockloft?
A. The older type of taxpayer built from the turn of the century until the 1920’s.
B. The most prevalent type of taxpayer built from the 1920’s into the 1960’s.
C. The newer type of taxpayer construction built since the 1960’s.
A
2.3.1 The older type built from the turn of the century until the 1920’s. This type is usually one story in height but there are some that have two stories. Some of the older structures have partitions, girders, beams, and columns of wood and may be considered wood frame buildings although most have masonry exteriors. This makes them susceptible to rapid fire involvement. The original ceilings may be tin, nailed directly to the beams or to furring strips. Original lath and plaster and wood ceilings could be covered with tin. When renovating these buildings, hanging ceilings are installed which create a plenum area for fire travel. In this plenum area are installed pipes, wiring, air handling ducts and recessed lighting fixtures. Decorative metal cornices, through which fire can spread, may be found on the front of some buildings. When there is a heavy fire in the front of the building, the supports of these cornices can be weakened and the cornice can fall to the ground unexpectedly. They can be removed to provide access to the cockloft area.
- Lt. Smith is working a day tour in L-100 and has just arrived at a fire in a 1 story 20’ x 50’ isolated taxpayer. L-100 is the FAST Unit and upon arrival hear the 1st due units tell command that the fire is located in a mezzanine area toward the rear of the store. Lt. Smith decides to tell the proby working about mezzanine areas in taxpayers and was incorrect in which point listed below? 2.4
A. Since these areas have probably been added to the premises after the original construction date, the load bearing components will usually be the same as the original construction of the taxpayer or better.
B. The mezzanine area is in most cases used for storage of goods, but it can contain offices (predominant in supermarkets and factories) and also sales areas to which the public will have access.
C. The height of the ceilings in the mezzanine and the area below will be below average. Access to this area may be via small wooden stairs or just a ladder. Very seldom will there be another means of access.
D. Mezzanine areas may be found in the rear of the store or building, some along one side from front to rear or along part of one side, and a few have been erected in the center of the premises.
A
2.4.2 Since these areas have probably been added to the premises after the original construction date, the load bearing components can be of light construction. These supports may be loaded beyond their safe load bearing capabilities.
- The wooden bowstring truss is found in older commercial structures in New York City. It is common in supermarkets, bowling alleys, lumberyards, auto storage garages, and in buildings that originally housed such occupancies. Which point listed below regarding wooden bowstring trusses is not entirely correct? 3.3.3
A. Wooden bowstrung trusses have a characteristic hump-like roof profile where the roof appears to rise up from below the parapet wall to tower above it. The longer the span, the higher the bow.
B. When the bowstring truss was originally designed, engineers used certain assumptions pertaining to tensile strength of wood. Updated calculations have revealed that bowstring truss roofs may only support 60% of the load they were originally designed to hold.
C. Bowstring truss roof overload can also occur due to later additions of loads that were not considered in the original design, such as accumulation of roofing material, heavier ceiling finishes, new mechanical equipment installations and conversion of the truss space into mezzanines, storage areas, office space, etc.
D. In the older bowstring truss roof buildings, there is a possibility of rotting at the ends of the trusses where they rest on the walls, due to water leaking through the roof covering. Truss failure has occurred without fire impingement.
B
Updated calculations have revealed that bowstring truss roofs may only support 40% of the load they were originally designed to hold.
- Please read the following statement and indicate if you agree or disagree with the statement. 3.3.3
A truss is composed of two major members, the top one is called the top chord and the lower one called the bottom chord. Shorter members, called webs, connect the top and bottom chords. The webs are placed vertically and diagonally, forming triangular configurations with the chord members. There are many variations but all are essentially the same; a combination of independent components used to span large distances through the use of smaller pieces fastened together. Trusses can be either wood or steel.
A. Agree or D. Disagree
D
I agree but the FT answer key says disagree here is the book…
Basically, the truss is composed of two major members -the top one is called the TOP CHORD and the lower one called the BOTTOM CHORD. Shorter members, called WEBS, connect the top and bottom chords. The WEBS are placed vertically and diagonally, forming triangular configurations with the CHORD members. There are many variations but all are essentially the same; a combination of interdependent components used to span large distances through the use of smaller pieces fastened together. Trusses can be either wood or steel
- Open web steel joists are commonly found in modern taxpayer construction and members must have a working knowledge of the hazards associated with these trusses. Which point listed below about open web steel joists is not correct? 3.3.3
A. Open web steel joists, found in modern taxpayer construction, have no fire resistance rating. Fire rating depends upon the ceiling finish and finish roofing.
B. Open web steel joists come in standardized lengths, depths, and carrying capacities. They are used to span long distances up to 60 feet.
C. Unprotected open web steel joists are particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures of a fire and may collapse after only 10 or 15 minutes.
D. Open web steel joists may be covered with various roof decks: solid wood, steel deck, cementitious roof plank, precast concrete, or gypsum plank.
C
Unprotected open web steel joists are particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures of a fire and may collapse after only 5 or 10 minutes.
- Operating at taxpayer fires present many dangers to the operating members. Roof operations can be especially dangerous at these buildings. Which point listed below is an incorrect point about roof features at taxpayers? 3.3.4
A. On some roofs the skylights, scuttles, and other openings have additional security materials placed at the ceiling levels of these openings, such as, heavy metal grates, heavy steel plates and electrically charged grids.
B. If any of these appurtenances listed in choice A above are removed and the area covered over, the supports for these coverings may be of very light weight, sometimes wood 2 x 4’s covered with thin sheets of plywood.
C. “I” beams protruding above the roof surface or roofs built in step fashion with one store roof slightly higher than another will always indicate where fire division walls are located.
D. Small scuttle covers on the roof, possibly with iron ladders to the interior, may also be opened to vent rooms below. Ventilators or exhaust ducts which may vent store areas or the cockloft are sometimes found on the roof.
C
“I” beams protruding above the roof surface or roofs built in step fashion with one store roof slightly higher than another sometimes give the false impression of fire division walls. The side walls of such protrusions are made of wood sheathing and are easily detected by striking them with a tool to differentiate them from a masonry wall. They can be opened for inspection or stream operation. A good working knowledge of these features will allow members on roofs to determine the size and shape of the fire building for the information of operating forces on the first floor.
- The stability of masonry walls is very much dependent on the integrity of the roof. The roof acts as a monolithic brace which ties the walls together. In effect the roof is holding up the walls by providing lateral support. A collapse or disintegration of the roof removes this support and may impart a lateral load, either pushing out, or pulling in, on the wall as stresses are formed. A member studying for the Lieutenants test would know which points below to be correct? (More than one correct) 3.4.2
A. Brick walls sometimes hinge at ground level and an entire side or rear wall may remain intact and fall out flat.
B. Concrete block walls sometimes hinge at ground level and an entire side or rear wall may remain intact and fall out flat.
C. Concrete block walls usually crumble or break as they fall, but large sections can be projected a good distance due to the impact as the wall hits the ground.
D. Brick walls usually crumble or break as they fall, but large sections can be projected a good distance due to the impact as the wall hits the ground.
B, D
Concrete block walls sometimes hinge at ground level and an entire side or rear wall may remain intact and fall out flat. Brick walls usually crumble or break as they fall, but large sections can be projected a good distance due to the impact as the wall hits the ground.
- After operating at an EMS run in a taxpayer the members of E99 were discussing parapet wall and their inherent dangers. Each member made a point about parapet walls. Which member was not entirely correct? 3.4.3
A. A particularly hazardous condition is the possible collapse of the front parapet wall. This parapet wall is often only supported laterally at short intervals and it receives support at the ends where it is tied into the crosswalls.
B. Stability of masonry walls depends on the load being concentrated in a vertical direction through the wall. Any degree of tilting which causes this load to be eccentric to the vertical may cause collapse.
C. A long section of the parapet wall often remains intact as the wall topples onto the sidewalk. Members have been killed or injured by such wall collapses.
D. A parapet wall is a continuation of an exterior wall, fire wall, or party wall above the roof line. The parapet section of the exterior walls may extend around the entire perimeter of a building roof area.
A
A particularly hazardous condition is the possible collapse of the front parapet wall (e.g., any parapet wall facing a street; a corner building facing one, two or three streets). This parapet wall is often unsupported laterally for a long distance, receiving its support only at the ends where they tie into crosswalls.
11. L-100 is operating at a small fire in a one story, 100’ x 40’, class 3 taxpayer with 5 stores in it. The fire was in the middle store which is a pharmacy and sits in between a donut shop and a pizza store. The fire in a shelving unit that was up against the exposure 2 side partition wall. After the fire was knocked down Lt. Smith orders his proby to remove and overhaul the stock that was on the shelf and is smoldering. The interior plaster partition wall has substantial burn marks where the fire was burning against the wall. The Lieutenant tells the proby to open up the wall to make sure there is no extension behind the plaster covering. While the proby was opening the wall the Lieutenant tells the proby that when we remove any amount of plaster covering of an interior partition wall, we are weakening the wall since the plaster covering provides longitudinal rigidity for the partition wall. Do you agree or disagree with the Lieutenants statement? 3.4.4 A. Agree or D. Disagree
D
I agree but answer key at http://www.firetechstudies.com/moodle/mod/page/view.php?id=169
says D
3.4.4 Interior partition walls between stores are usually of wood stud construction, with plaster or sheetrock covering, and are usually firestopped at the floor and the ceiling by wood sills and plates. The plaster or sheetrock provides longitudinal rigidity for these partition walls between the front and rear walls and roof. Removal of large sections of plaster will weaken this bracing.
- Exposed steel “I” beams are commonly used in taxpayer construction to support roof and floor joists. It is important for firefighters to have a good understanding of how steel “I” beams react under fire conditions. Which is the only correct point listed below regarding steel “I” Beams? 3.6
A. An average 50 foot long steel “I” beam, heated uniformly over its length to 970 F will extend in length approximately 6”. At 1000 F a 100-foot long beam will have extended in length 12 1⁄2”.
B. When steel “I” beams are heated from 1000 F to 1500 F, their yield strength drops dramatically and while they may soften they will not fail. This temperature can be reached in 15 to 20 minutes at a fire.
C. Exposed steel “I” beams are commonly used in taxpayer construction to support roof and floor joists. “I” beams will absorb heat from the fire at a rate dependent on many factors, such as, the temperature of the fire, the extent of the fire, and the mass of the beam.
D. A large, heavy “I” beam will absorb the same amount of heat and its temperature will rise the same as a lightweight beam. Because of the conductivity of the steel, this temperature will diffuse into the beam causing its expansion.
C
An average 50 foot long steel beam, heated uniformly over its length to 970 F will extend in length approximately four inches.
When these steel beams are heated from 1000 F to 1500 F, their yield strength drops dramatically and they start to soften and fail. This temperature can be reached in five to ten minutes at a fire and it is only a matter of time at an uncontrolled fire (thirty minutes for the smaller beam sections), until these beams can be heated beyond their strength limitations.
A large, heavy “I” beam will be able to absorb more heat and its temperature will rise more slowly than a lightweight beam.
- Members of E-99 are operating at a fire in a taxpayer and are extinguishing the fire in the rear of the store. L100 has opened up the ceiling and there is a medium fire condition in the cockloft area. E-99 quickly extinguishes all the fire in the store and the cockloft. Once the fire is extinguished and the smoke starts to clear the Officer from E-99 notices a steel “I” beam which was involved in fire and is still glowing red from the heat of the fire. The Officer from E-99 tells his nozzle firefighter to open the line and cool the steel I beam. He tells his members that cooling the steel “I” beam will cause it to regain its strength and load carrying ability. He further states that if the beam has already sagged under the weight of floors or roof, firefighters should not be allowed in the possible collapse zone, whether these beams are cooled or not since the steel will contract to its original length as it is cooled and if the beam has sagged, this shortening may pull the end of the beams off their supports or twist the beam allowing the joists to drop. Do you agree or disagree with the
Officer of E99’s statements? A. Agree
3.6.4
or D. Disagree
A
- Taxpayers fires are dangerous due to the many hazards that may be stored within the building itself. Adding to that is the many structural and construction hazards that taxpayers present to firefighters. Which point below is not correct regarding hazards found at taxpayer fires? 3.8, 3.9
A. Heavy terrazzo or concrete is sometimes placed over wood joist floor construction which is an exceptionally hazardous condition. A fire in the cellar may weaken floor supports with little evidence of heat conditions on the first floor. Sudden failure due to weight on the floor is possible.
B. When pulling sheetrock ceilings, large pieces often fall flat in one large section and can inflict injury due to its weight. Long ceiling ducts may be sandwiched between hanging ceilings and usually have numerous supporting ties to hold them securely.
C. Suspended ceilings offer their own collapse potential when loaded with water or weakened by fire. They are suspended by light wood strips, steel wire, or steel bars, all of which are quickly affected by fire.
D. Suspended ceilings should be punched with a hook for water detection, to check construction, and fire conditions. Multiple layers of tin, sheetrock, or tiles may have been affixed together on supports which were not intended to carry such weight.
B
3.8.4 Long ceiling ducts often have a minimum of supporting ties and chain reaction can pull the entire duct down. They may be sandwiched between hanging ceilings or suspended beneath them.
- Members were discussing cellar fires in taxpayers and made the following three statements below. Which statement(s) is/are correct? 3.10.3
- Partition walls between cellars are usually of combustible or flimsy construction and joist channels at cellar ceilings are often not firestopped allowing fire, combustible gas, and smoke extension from cellar to cellar.
- Cellar areas are often divided into a maze of storage spaces and the layout of the cellar will usually conform to the layout of the store above.
- Outside cellar stairs are usually found in the rear of taxpayers. When there are several stores in the building, these stairs may lead to a passageway along the rear cellar wall from which access can be gained to the various storage areas.
A. All statements are correct.
B. All statements are incorrect.
C. Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
D. Statements 2 and 3 are correct.
E. Statements 1 and 3 are correct.
E
3.10.1 Cellar areas are often divided into a maze of storage spaces. The layout often does not necessarily conform to the store layout. One occupancy may use a large section of the cellar with openings through partitions, while other occupancies may use smaller areas or none at all.
- Overhead security doors present problems for firefighters operating at a fire in a taxpayer. These overhead doors may cover siamese connections, delay entry into the fire occupancy, and may rest on sidewalk entrance doors to the cellar. Which point made by members during a drill on overhead doors is not correct? 3.11.1
A. When there are a number of stores in a building all with overhead doors, it may be difficult to determine the exact location of the entrance door or doors to the stores. Overhead signs might give a clue.
B. At fires heat can cause springs in overhead door to lose tension. If these doors start down without the counterbalance of fully tensioned springs they will come down with tremendous force. Doors used in residential installations range in weight from 150 - 400 pounds.
C. When the spring tension is gone, the motor or hoist devices act as a safety and will prevent the door from coming down. In addition, at more advanced fires the steel track on either side can warp pulling, out the rollers and allowing the door to drop flat.
D. Attempting to force large overhead doors that have lost spring tension will require lifting dead weight and normally may be futile. Treat every open overhead door for what it is, a heavy overhead hazard.
C
When the spring tension is gone, motor or hoist devices usually will not prevent the door from coming down hard once it starts down. In addition, at more advanced fires the steel track on either side can warp pulling, out the rollers and allowing the door to drop flat.
- The weight of an overhead door that is added to the front walls, especially when these doors are in the closed position, can cause the lintel over the store front to fail and the wall and door assembly may fall during a fire. 3.11.1
A. True or
B. False
In the larger type occupancy such as a supermarket, there are two means of egress. The customers, however, are aware of the main entrance only, since the secondary exit is usually remote or obscure. 3.12
A. True
or B. False
B/A
The weight that is added to the front walls, especially when these doors are in the OPEN position, can cause the lintel over the store front to fail and the wall and door assembly may fall during a fire.
- In assessing the possibility of a structural collapse, consideration must be given to the type of construction involved in the fire, the intensity of the fire, and the time that the structural members have been burning or subjected to the heat of the fire. All of the following points listed below are may be causes of collapse during a fire in a taxpayer except which one? 4.2.4
A. A heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 15 minutes or more, particularly in a large open floor area.
B. Presence of water absorbent materials such as rags, paper, and clothing, which increase floor loads when wet and which may push out walls by expansion from the absorbed water.
C. Heating of unprotected structural members resulting in expansion with walls being pushed out and columns out of plumb.
D. Girders, beams, and columns being twisted out of shape due to excessive heat and in turn causing floor joists to lose their bearing support and fall free.
E. Backdrafts blowing out walls or floors, weakened and burned out structural members, vibration or movement in or near a weakened building, and water, ice, or snow loads on the roof.
A
Heavy body of fire which has been burning out of control for 20 minutes or more, particularly in a large open floor area.
- A backdraft is the ignition and rapid combustion of a mixture of flammable gas or dust and air which flashes back through openings around the fire area. Which point about a backdraft is not correct? 4.4.1
A. The three basic factors necessary for ordinary combustion and a backdraft are combustibles, oxygen, and heat.
B. A room or fire area requires only 10 percent of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode.
C. Warning signs of a potential backdraft are glass windows stained with smoke condensation and pulsating from the pressure of the fire or the reversal of air with smoke being pulled back into a smoke filled opening.
D. Cellar and storage areas are particularly vulnerable to backdrafts, although backdrafts can occur in any part of a structure.
B
A room or fire area requires only 25 percent of its space to contain the explosive mixture for the entire area to possibly explode
20. BC Question. - E99, E98, E97, L100, L101, and BC5 have arrived at a 1 story, class 3, 40’ x 50’ isolated taxpayer with 2 stores. There appears to be a fire in the Chinese restaurant, the store on the exposure 2 side. The windows of the Chinese restaurant are pulsating and there is a dirty brown smoke leaking out of the AC unit above the front door. Both roof firefighters from L100 and L101 are on the roof, the Engine Companies have stretched a 2 1⁄2” hoseline to the front of the building, and L100 is getting ready to force the front door. The roof firefighters report that there is a skylight over the Chinese food store and that the glass is pulsating from the pressure of the fire. The BC at this operation would be correct to issue which order listed below at this fire? 4.4 A. Order the members of L-100 to force the front door, enter to start a search, and locate the main body of fire while the Engine Companies advance the 2 1⁄2” line into the store. B. Have the Engine Co. take a flanking position and discharge the hoseline into fire area after the Ladder Co. forces the front door. This is the most effective way to attack a fire where a possible backdraft condition exists. C. Have the roof firefighters open the roof directly over the fire. After the roof is vented have L-100 force the front door and order the Engine Co. to advance their line into the store to extinguish the fire.
C
The proper procedure is to open the roof or area directly over the fire. This allows the hot gases to move upward through the opening away from the fire. These gases may ignite and vent to the outer atmosphere. This is one of the most effective methods of protecting firefighters from the effects of a backdraft. Even if a backdraft occurs after the roof has been vented, the explosion will be diverted upward, out of the roof opening away from the firefighters advancing the hoseline.
- E-99 is advancing a hoseline deep into a large cellar to attack a fire that is located in the rear of the cellar. The Ladder Co. has located the fire in a storage room and is holding the door closed waiting for the line to arrive. Members advancing the line took the following action and were incorrect in which one below? 4.7
A. The control firefighter was posted as a lookout at the top of a cellar stairs to observe conditions.
B. While advancing through the cellar the Officer continually checked the stability of the floor and the ceiling above.
C. The Officer called for a backup line to be positioned at the top of the cellar stairs. D. The members of E99 bunched up on the line in order to ensure each other’s safety.
D
4.7.7 Do not “bunch up”. Spread out along a line to lessen floor loads in a central area and limit the injury potential in the event the structure fails.
- During afternoon drill members were discussing a recent fire that they operated at. The fire started on the first floor and spread to the cockloft of a 1 story taxpayer. Which statement is not entirely correct regarding cockloft fires in taxpayers? 5.3
A. Since most fires originate in the rear of the first floor where utilities, storage, and services are located, this is the area from which the fire usually extends to the cockloft.
B. The standard flat roof may have little or no pitch. If it is pitched, it will be from the front to the rear.
C. If fire enters the cockloft at the low point or rear of the building, our fire problem is less severe than if it has entered into the cockloft at the front.
D. When a taxpayer has an inverted roof, the roof beams create the original ceiling level. Roof supports of 2 inch x 4 inch short studs are connected to the roof beams and extended upward, where they connect to a roof grid to which the roof boards are nailed.
C
If fire enters the cockloft at the high point or front of the building, our fire problem is less severe than if it has entered into the cockloft at the rear. The reason is that fire does not burn quickly from a high point to a lower area.
- Which point below about venting the roof at a taxpayer fire is correct? 5.4.5, 5.4.6, 5.4.7, 5.4.12, 5.4.13, 5.4.14,
A. When cutting a vent hole in the roof of a taxpayer the hole must be large enough to remove the bulk of the heat, smoke, and fire. A hole 3’x6’ where possible is recommended.
B. The immediate ventilation and cutting of an effective size hole on the roof calls for two saws and two members on the roof. A Roof Sector Supervisor must supervise roof operations when more than two power saws are working on the roof.
C. Additional ladder companies should be special called to the scene of the operation as needed. The 2nd arriving officer should initiate this, if necessary. A Roof Sector Supervisor should be assigned as early as possible to supervise roof operations. This should be a Chief Officer.
D. Scuttles, skylights, or covers of former skylights that are located over or near the main body of fire should be opened first. Make sure that ceilings or other sealed spaces below such openings are pushed down and opened to permit the exit of heat, smoke, gases, and fire.
D
A hole eight feet by eight feet, where possible, is recommended.
A Roof Sector Supervisor must supervise roof operations when more than one power saw is working on the roof.
5.4.13 Additional ladder companies should be special called to the scene of the operation as needed. The first arriving officer should initiate this, if necessary.
5.4.14 A Roof Sector Supervisor should be assigned as early as possible to supervise roof operations. This could be a chief or company officer as designated by the IC.
- BC Question - BC Knowitall is the IC at a fire in a 100’x50’ 1 story taxpayer with 5 stores. The fire is in the middle store, the pizza store. The dispatcher just notified BC Knowitall’s aid and told him that the Deputy was involved in an accident and is going to be delayed. The 1st due Ladder Co. officer calls BC Knowitall and tells him that the fire in the store is advanced but it has not extended into the cockloft. Two 2 1⁄2” lines have been stretched into the store due the volume of the fire. Rescue is in the exposure, 02, and reports that the fire has burnt through the partition wall but that they can hold it with the can. Squad is in the opposite exposure, 04, and reports that there is a light smoke condition and no fire extension. The roof firefighters call BC Knowitall and report that the roof is open and there is no fire extension into the cockloft. In this situation BC Knowitall should take which action below? 5.7.4
A. Transmit a 2nd alarm.
B. Transmit a 10-75 along with an all hands.
C. Transmit a 10-75 along with an all hands and call for an additional Engine and Truck.
D. Continue to operate with the units on the scene and await the arrival of the Deputy Chief.
A
5.7.4 When two handlines are operating on an advanced fire in a store, special call an extra engine and ladder. Transmit a second alarm for extension to the cockloft, adjoining occupancy or for an advanced fire in the cellar. The need for additional ladder companies at these operations is great, anticipate such and special call as needed.
- Members were discussing the cutting of roofs and floors at taxpayer fires and made the following four points. Which point below is incorrect? 5.5
A. The direction and force of the wind is often a critical factor in determining the plan of action in cutting the roof. The most effective and quickest cutting will be accomplished if you work with the wind at your back.
B. Generally, wood joists run the long side of a building or occupancy, particularly in the older taxpayers where the occupancies within a taxpayer have frontages not exceeding forty feet. C. Wood joist beams are usually spaced 16 inches on center. Wood flooring and roof boards when nailed directly to roof beams are nailed at right angles to these joists.
D. In most cases, you will not know for certain how the joists run until a ceiling is pulled, or the floor or roof boards are removed and you can visually observe them.
B
5.5.10 Generally, wood joists run the short side of a building or occupancy, particularly in the older taxpayers where the occupancies within a taxpayer have frontages not exceeding twenty feet.
