Fluxionality and Stereoisomerism

Question 1

Conformations/conformers

Answer 1

structures that differ only because of rotations around single bond; not isomers

Question 2

Nomenclature of alkanes

Answer 2

first identify longest chain of C atoms, then add prefixes to the name of the longest chain to indicate positions of substituents, numbered based on which C they are connected to

Question 3

2 carbon chain name

Answer 3

ethane

Question 4

3 carbon chain name

Answer 4

propane

Question 5

4 carbon chain name

Answer 5

butane

Question 6

5 carbon chain name

Answer 6

pentane

Question 7

6 carbon chain name

Answer 7

hexane

Question 8

7 carbon chain name

Answer 8

heptane

Question 9

8 carbon chain name

Answer 9

octane

Question 10

9 carbon chain name

Answer 10

nonane

Question 11

10 carbon chain name

Answer 11

decane

Question 12

Stereoisomers

Answer 12

molecules that have the same molecular formula and the same atomic connectivity (from the same structural isomer)

Question 13

Geometric isomers

Answer 13

distinguishable arrangement in space around bonds that cannot rotate freely (double bonds or rings)

Question 14

Cis isomer

Answer 14

both methyl groups on the same side of the double bond

Question 15

Trans isomer

Answer 15

methyl groups on opposite sides

Question 16

Characteristics of geometric isomers

Answer 16

different physical properties, different substances

Question 17

Enantiomers

Answer 17

molecules that are mirror images of each other but cannot be superimposed; chiral

Question 18

Chiral

Answer 18

non superimposable mirror images of each other

Question 19

How to determine a chiral center

Answer 19

Find sp3 hybridized atoms bonded to four distinct groups

Question 20

Characteristics of enantiomers

Answer 20

same chemical and physical properties, differences occur when substances interact with other chiral molecules or chiral environments

Question 21

Chiral center

Answer 21

atom bonded to 4 different groups

Question 22

Intermolecular forces

Answer 22

any attractive forces between molecules

Question 23

Viscosity

Answer 23

measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow

Question 24

Patterns of LDFs

Answer 24

increase with increasing electrons, linear shapes have greater surface area so greater LDFs, compact molecular geometry has weaker LDFs