Equilibrium Flashcards
Chemical reactions
processes that change one or more substance into one or more new substances
Redox reactions
involve the transfer of electron density/movement of electrons
Acid base reactions
involve the redistribution of lone pairs of electrons and breaking/forming of covalent bonds; lone pair to covalent bond or vice versa
Dynamic equilibrium
the rate of the forward reaction = the rate of the backwards reaction and concentrations stop changing, but reaction keeps occurring
Chemical equilibrium
forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate and the concentrations of products and reactants remain constant over tiem
Equilibrium constant (K)
a ratio of equilibrium partial pressures or equilibrium concentrations of products and reactants that has a specific value for a given reaction at a given temperature
What are the units of K?
K is unitless
What does K vary with?
only temperature
What is the equation for K?
([C]^x[D]^y)/[A]^m[B]^n
products over reactants
Homogenous equilibrium
all of the reactants and products are present in a single phase
Heterogenous equilibrium
reactants and products are found in 2 or more phases
What happens to K when all the coefficients are multiplied by n?
K is raised to the power of n
What happens to K when a reaction is reversed?
it becomes 1/K
What happens to K when 2 reactions occur sequentially to yield a new overall reaction?
K is the product of the two K values
Product favored reaction
a reaction that proceeds spontaneously in the forward direction when all concentrations have the value of 1M
