Fluids Flashcards
what are crystalloids & what 4 things do they contain?
what is the PRIMARY electrolyte in crystalloids?
= MAIN REPLACEMENT for VOLUME DEFICITS IN ANIMALS
contains…
1. water
2. glucose
3. other electrolytes
4. buffer to help reach target pH
SODIUM IS THE PRIMARY ELECTROLYTE
1 liter of crystalloid replaces approximately __% or less of INCREASING intravascular volume
25
what are the 4 primary catheter sites?
- jugular vein
- lateral thoracic vein
- cephalic vein
- saphenous vein
PLASMALYTE is a…
ISOTONIC POLYIONIC SOLUTION
isotonic polytonic solutions
how commonly are they used as an IV fluid?
what is their composition?
name the 2 brands
MOST COMMON FLUID
composition is SIMILAR TO PLASMA
2 brands?
1. PLASMALYTE
2. NORMASOL R
describe the formula to determine NUMBER OF L NEEDED to resuscitate a dehydrated patient?
how much of this should be given in a BOLUS? what should you do with the rest?
BODY WEIGHT (kg) x % DEHYDRATION = L OF FLUID NEEDED
BOLUS = 1/3 to 1/2 of this in a bolus
the rest calculated in liters per hour
____ is a MUCH better buffer than GLUCONATE or LACTATE
this buffer is present in…
ACETATE
this buffer is present in ISOTONIC POLYIONIC SOLUTIONS
is POTASSIUM added to isotonic polyionic solutions?
NO, risk of bradycardia! BUT GOOD TO ADD IF OFF-FEED
what are LACTATED RINGERS?
what’s special that is in it?
how should you administer it if an animal needs a blood transfusion?
lactated ringers = ISOTONIC POLYIONIC SOLUTION
what’s in it?
contains CALCIUM to bind ANTICOAGULANTS in BLOOD PRODUCTS
you should administer it THROUGH A DIFFERENT PORTAL THAN IN BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS
what are 3 contraindications for giving isotonic polyionic solutions?
- pulmonary edema
- renal failure
- cardiac failure
ISOTONIC SALINE contains ___% of…
compared to normal blood? how does this affect pH?
0.9% NaCl
[NaCl] is HIGHER in ISOTONIC SALINE than NORMAL BLOOD, so pH will LOWER in blood when given (becomes more acidic)
when are 3 situations to give 0.9% saline for HORSES?
- ruptured BLADDER in a newborn
- prolonged profuse diarrhea
- any horse with severe hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
what should you give WITH HYPERTONIC?
give an example
CRYSTALLOID OR NORMAL SALINE
example = for every 1 L of hypertonic saline, give 10 L of CYRSTALLOID or SALINE
how much NaCl does HYPERTONIC saline have?
7-7.2%
what is the GOAL of giving hypertonic saline?
how does it work?
GOAL = to EXPAND the EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME in SEVERELY HYPOVOLEMIC CONDITION (shock)
how does it work? = IV administration causes EXPANSION of PLASMA VOLUME by DRAWING WATER OUT OF INTRACELLULAR SPACE
what is the MAJOR ADVANTAGE of using HYPERTONIC SALINE?
PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION at 2X THE INFUSED VOLUME
what are the 3 MAIN electrolytes that are INDIVIDUALLY supplemented in fluids?
- Ca
- K
- Mg
what is the MOST COMMON electrolyte abnormality?
POTASSIUM DEFICITS
we should give NO GREATER than ___ mEq/kg/h of POTASSIUM to avoid cardiac side effects
0.5
how is calcium supplemented in formulation in fluids?
if given TOO RAPIDLY, can cause…
we SHOULD NOT administer this with what 2 things?
23% CALCIUM GLUCONATE
if given TOO RAPIDLY, can cause BRADYCARDIA
DO NOT GIVE with…
1. BICARBONATE
2. WHOLE BLOOD
