Fluid Therapy Flashcards
Fluid Types
- Crystalloids
- Colloids
Crystalloid Fluids
Water and Electrolytes
Colloid Fluids
Electrolytes and Large-weight Molecule
* used for resuscitiation for long-term
* Plasma / Hetastarch
Types of Crystalloids
- Hypotonic
- Hypertonic
- Isotonic
Hypotonic Crystalloids
More water than electrolytes
* Dextrose
* Half strength Saline
* NOT used for resuscitation
Hypertonic Crystalloids
More electrolytes than water
* 7% saline
Hypertonic Crystalloid Uses
Pull water from other areas
* used for head tauma
* splenic rupture
Isotonic Crystalloid
- Can be given SQ, IO, IV
- Normosol, LRS
Fluid Delivery Methods
- SQ
- IO
- IV
Fluid Delivery Method
SQ
- Easy, owner can do at home
- Only can use with specific patients - mild dehydration
- Easily infected
- Only use with isotonic fluids
Fluid Delivery Method
IO
- Use for patients unable to get IV - hypovolemic or neonatal
- Painful to put in
- Not for long-term
- Can get infected or cause nerve damage
Fluid Delivery Method
IV
- Use for long-term
- Large and rapid volumes
- Aseptic technique needed
Fluid Phases
- Resuscitation
- Replacement
- Maintenance
Resuscitation Phase
- Use for patients in shock
- Give amount over set time then reassess
Maintenance Phase
Use once dehydration and ongoing losses corrected
Fluid Therapy
Monitoring
- HR, CRT/MM, BP
- PCV / TP
- Body Weight (if no food intake) - 1 kg change = 1 L body water change
Fluid Therapy
Complications
Volume Overload - body unable to handle fluid amount
* fluid goes elsewhere
* pleural effusion / pulmonary edema
* chemosis
Chemosis
Swelling on conjunctiva
Dehydration
- Less than 5% - hard to tell clinically
- Over 10% - look like in shock
Dehydration Calculation
BW (kg) x % dehydration
* liters that need to be replaced
Maintenance Fluid Calculation
Use 50 mL/kg/day or 1mL/lb/hr
* get to mL/hr
* add to dehydration rate
Ongoing Loss Calculations
- 1 g = 1 mL
- Calculate mL/hr and add to maintenance for new rate
