Flight laws Flashcards
What protections are available in normal law?
BY PALS
Bank angle protection
Yaw protections
Pitch attitude protection
Angle of attack protection
Load factor
Speed: (high speed) protection
What is the bank angle limit if full roll sidestick is held?
67° clean and 60° with flaps extended.
Up to 33° of bank, the roll attitude is held constant with the sidestick at neutral.
If the bank angle exceeds 45°, the autopilot automatically disconnects and the flight director bars disappear.
Normal law Bank Control combines ailerons, spoilers, and rudder to control roll what?
-Roll rate limit
-Bank angle protection
-Turn coordination.
In normal law, is the roll rate proportional to sidestick deflection?
Yes, and it is limited to a maximum of 15°/second.
Normal law Yaw uses the rudder for what?
Turn coordination and yaw damping.
Which protection has priority over all other protections?
Pitch protection against stall and windshear.
Normal Law Pitch attitude protection is limited as follows:
• 30° nose up with Flaps 0 to 3
• 25° nose up with Flaps Full
• 15° nose down
The flight director bars are removed when pitch exceeds 25° up or 13° down.
What are the three Normal law Angle of Attack Alpha protections?
-Alpha protection (α prot)
-Alpha floor (α floor)
-Alpha maximum (α max)
Their V speeds vary w/ weight and configuration.
If angle of attack protection is being triggered, how do we get out of it?
Push sidestick forward to return normal.
If the sidestick is released, the angle of attack returns to and maintains α prot.
On takeoff, α prot is equal to α max for 5 seconds.
What is the aircraft response when the angle of attack is > α prot; (normal law AOA protection)?
A–autopilot disconnects
S–speed brakes retract
A–AOA replaces load-factor on sidestick.
P–pitch trim (nose up) inhibited
When AOA becomes greater than “α prot”, as the airplane slows, AOA Protection becomes active.
What protection occurs at a predetermined Angle of Attack between Alpha prot and Alpa Max?
Alpha Floor protection; Auto-thrust commands TOGA thrust.
Alpha Floor can engage at any airspeed but, will certainly engage between a/Prot + a/Max.
α floor not available in landing below 100’ or auto-thrust disabled.
True or false:
In the α prot range (from α prot to α max) the sidestick demands angle of attack directly; however, α max cannot be exceeded even if the sidestick is pulled and held fully back against the mechanical stop.
True
A Low Energy Warning is triggered during deceleration before alpha floor is reached. (The delay between the two warnings depends on
deceleration rate and is anticipatory.)
How would a pilot know they have entered the low energy warning?
“SPEED, SPEED, SPEED” is repeated every 5 seconds.
How do we get out of a low energy warning?
Unrecoverable through pitch control alone, thrust must be increased.
The Low Energy Warning is computed by the FACs,
based on airplane configuration.
The Low Energy Warning is inhibited during:
• When TO/GA is selected
• Below 100 feet RA and above 2000 feet RA
• When alpha floor or a GPWS alert is triggered
• In alternate or direct law
• If both RAs are failed
• Flaps 1 or UP
Automatic pitch trim is inhibited under the following conditions:
RA below 50’ (100’ w/AP)
• Load factor is 1.25G (nose-up trim inhibited)
When will normal law over speed protection become active (green equal sign)?
Vmo + 6
Mmo + .1
If High speed protection is triggered by Vmo+6, what will the protection do?
-Pitch up is uncontrollably introduced
-Autopilot disconnects (sidestick won’t overpower pitch up)
-If sidestick is held full forward, airspeed may increase to a predetermined speed but stabilize at a specific speed above Vmo.
-If sidestick released, airspeed returns to Vmo and protection is deactivated.
When would the airplane go into Alternate Law?
Multiple loss of redundant systems
What protections are available during alternate law?
LSD: Load, stability, Dampening
Bank: XXX
Yaw: Yaw damp only
Pitch: XXX
AOA: low speed stability replaces AOA prot.
LOAD: same
SPEED: High speed stability
Is bank or roll protection active in alternate law?
No
Bank control reverts to direct sidestick to surface position relationship.
What YAW functions are available in alternate law?
Yaw damp only.
Rudders are mechanical and connected hydraulically. Turn coordination lost because it’s computerized.
Is pitch attitude protection available in alternate law?
No
Flare mode lost
Is Auto Trimming available in Alternate Law?
Yes
