FIS - Module 1 Flashcards
Why Learn About Information Systems?
- used in almost every profession
-
Entrepreneurs & small business— reach customers -
Sales Rep.— advertise products -
Managers— make multimillion-dollar decision -
Financial Managers— advise clients to help them save -
Business— perform accounting & financial operations - first job, earn promotion, & advance your career
- A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.
- It is the
feedback mechanismthat helps organizations achieve their goals, such as increasing profits or improving customer service.
Information System (IS)
4 Everyday IS interaction
- Using Automated Teller Machine (ATM).
- Accessing information over the Internet.
- Selecting information from kiosks with touch screens.
- Scanning bar codes on purchases at self-lane check outs.
consists of raw facts, such as an employee number, total hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders.
DATA
4 Representation of Data
- Alphanumeric data - Numbers, letters and other characters.
- Image data - Graphic images and pictures.
- Audio data - Sound, noise or tones.
- Video data - Moving images or pictures.
- Defining and organizing relationships among data creates information.
- A collection of
facts organizedin such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the individual facts. - The process of
defining relationships among datato create useful information requires knowledge. - Turning data into information is a process – a
set of logically related tasksperformed to achieve a defined outcome.
INFORMATION
- Having it means
understanding relationships in information. - A set of information and ways that information can be made
usefulto support a specific task or reach a decision.
KNOWLEDGE
a data made more useful through the application of knowledge.
Information
These are the people who create, use, and disseminate knowledge, and are usually professionals in science, engineering, business, and other areas.
Knowledge Workers (KWs)
An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to create, store, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience.
Knowledge Management System (KMS)
What are the Characteristics of a VALUABLE Information?
- Accessible
- Accurate
- Complete
- Economical
- Flexible
- Relevant
- Reliable
- Secure
- Simple
- Timely
- Verifiable
obtain info in the right format at the right time
Accessible
error free info (GIGO - unaccurate data)
Accurate
contains all important facts
Complete
balance the value of the info with the cost producing it
Economical
can be used for a variety of purposes
flexible
important to the decision maker
Relevant
can be trusted by users (w/ trusted source)
Reliable
free from unauthorized users
Secure
not overly complex
simple
delivered when its needed
timely
can check it to make sure its correct
verifiable
- The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers
achievetheir organization’sgoals. -
Valuable information can help people and their organizations perform tasks more
efficientlyandeffectively.
value of information
Efficiency vs Effectiveness
Efficiency
* compare systems
* doing things right
* save resources
Effectiveness
* measure of the extent
* computed by dividing goals
* doing the right thing
* DON'T save resources
- the activity of
gathering and capturing raw data. - In
producing paychecks, for example, the number of hours every employee works must be collected before paychecks can be calculated or printed. - In a
university grading system, instructors must submit student grades before a summary of grades for the semester or quarter can be compiled and sent to students.
INPUT
- In information systems, it means
converting or transforming data into useful outputs. - can involve making
calculations, comparing data and taking alternative actions, and storing data making data into useful information - s
critical in business settings.
PROCESSING
- Iproducing useful information, usually in the form of
documents and reports. - include
paychecksfor employees,reports for managers, and information supplied to stockholders, banks, government agencies, and other groups. - In some cases, output from one system can become input for another. For example, output from a system that processes sales orders can be used as input to a customer billing system.
OUTPUT
- information from the system that is used to
make changes to input or processing activities. - For example, errors or problems might make it necessary
to correctinput data orchange a process. - Feedback is also important for
managers and decision
FEEDBACK
A single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.
Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)
CBIS COMPONENTS
- Hardware
- Software
- Databases
- Telecommunications
- People
- Procedures
- Consists of
computer equipmentused to perform input, processing, and output activities. - The trend in the computer industry is to produce smaller, faster, and more mobile hardware.
- Input devices include keyboards, mice and other pointing devices, automatic scanning devices, and equipment that can read magnetic ink characters.
Hardware
- Consists of the computer programs that
govern the operation of the computer. - With software, people can work anytime at any place.
- These programs allow a computer to process payroll, send bills to customers, and provide managers with information to increase profits, reduce costs, and provide better customer service.
Software
Two (2) Types of Software
-
System Software: controls the
basic computer operationsincluding start-up and printing.
e.g. Microsoft Windows Vista -
Application Software: allows you to
accomplish specific tasksincluding word processing or creating spreadsheets.
e.g. Microsoft Office 2007
- A database is an organized
collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files. - Most managers and executives consider a database to be
one of the most valuableparts of a computer-based information system. - An organization’s database can contain
facts and informationon customers, employees, inventory, competitors’ sales and online purchases.
Databases
is the electronic transmission of signals for communications, which enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks.
Telecommunications
- People can be the
most important elementin most computer-based information systems. - They make the difference between
successandfailurefor most organizations. - Information systems
personnelinclude all the people who manage, run, program, and maintain the system.
People
- include the
strategies, policies, methods, and rulesfor using the CBIS, including the operation, maintenance, and security of the computer. - Good procedures can help companies take advantage of new opportunities and avoid potential disasters.
- Poorly developed and inadequately implemented procedures, however, can cause people to waste their time on useless rules or result in inadequate responses to disasters.
Procedures
- are used in all functional areas and operating divisions of business.
Information systems
Information Systems in Business
- Finance and accounting — forecase revenues and business activity, perform audits
- Sales and marketing — develop new goods and services
Information Systems in Industry
- Airline industry — develps internet auction sites to offer discount fares and increase revenue
- Investment firms — analyze stocks, bonds, options, the future market, and other financial instruments
- Banks — make sound loans and good investments as well as to provide online check payment for account holders
