CCNA2 - Module 3&4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

are logical connections with other similar devices.

A

VLANs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Benefits of VLAN Design:

A
  1. Smaller Broadcast Domains: Dividing the LAN reduces the number of broadcast domains.
  2. Improved Security: Only users in the same VLAN can communicate together.
  3. Improved IT Efficiency: VLANs can group devices with similar requirements, e.g., faculty vs. students.
  4. Reduced Cost: One switch can support multiple groups or VLANs.
  5. Better Performance: Small broadcast domains reduce traffic, improving bandwidth.
  6. Simpler Management: Similar groups will need similar applications and other network resources.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

VLAN 1 is the following: ​
* The default VLAN​
* The default Native VLAN​
* The default Management VLAN​
* Cannot be deleted or renamed​

Note: While we cannot delete VLAN1 Cisco will recommend that we assign these default features to other VLANs​

A

Default VLAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dedicated to user-generated traffic (email and web traffic). ​

VLAN 1 is the default data VLAN because all interfaces are assigned to this VLAN.

A

Data VLAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This is used for trunk links only. ​

All frames are tagged on an 802.1Q trunk link except for those on the native VLAN.

A

Native VLAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is used for SSH/Telnet VTY traffic and should not be carried with end user traffic.​

Typically, the VLAN that is the SVI for the Layer 2 switch.

A

Management VLAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A separate VLAN is required because Voice traffic requires:​
* Assured bandwidth​
* High QoS priority​
* Ability to avoid congestion​
* Delay less that 150 ms from source to destination​
The entire network must be designed to support voice.​

A

Voice VLAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is a point-to-point link between two network devices(VLAN).

A

trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Without ____, all devices connected to the switches will receive all unicast, multicast, and broadcast traffic.​

A

VLANs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

With VLANs, unicast, multicast, and broadcast traffic is confined to a VLAN. Without a _____ to connect the VLANs, devices in different VLANs cannot communicate. ​

A

Layer 3 device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • 2-byte field with hexadecimal
  • reffered as Tag Protocol ID (TPID)
  • 3-bit user priority
  • 1-bit Canonical Format Identifier (CFI)
  • 12-bit vlan up to 4069
A

802.1Q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • tagged with appropriate layer 2 class of service priority value
A

voice VLAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The ______ command can show us both data and voice VLANs assigned to the interface.​

A

show interfaces fa0/18 switchport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Native vs Extended Range VLAN

A

Normal Range VLAN 1 - 1005
* Used in Small to Medium sized businesses
* 1002 - 1005 are reserved for legacy VLANs
* 1, 1002 - 1005 are auto created and cannot be deleted
* Stored in the vlan.dat file in flash
* VTP can synchronize between switches

Extended Range VLAN 1006 - 4095
* Used by Service Providers
* Are in Running-Config
* Supports fewer VLAN features
* Requires VTP configurations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Commands to verify VLAN info

A

brief Display VLAN name, status, and its ports one VLAN per line.​
id vlan-id Display information about the identified VLAN ID number. ​
name vlan-name Display information about the identified VLAN name. The vlan-name is an ASCII string from 1 to 32 characters.​
summary Display VLAN summary information.​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

use the______ to place interface back in VLAN 1 & change VLAN port membership​

A

no switchport access vlan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

command to delete all VLANS

A

delete flash:vlan.dat or delete vlan.dat

18
Q

Is set to trunk administratively​
Is set as trunk operationally (functioning)​
Encapsulation is dot1q​

A

sh int fa0/1 switchport command

19
Q

reset trunk to the default state

A

no sw trunk alllowed vlan
no sw trunk native vlan

20
Q

is a proprietary Cisco protocol.​

characteristics are as follows:​

  • On by default on Catalyst 2960 and 2950 switches​
  • Dynamic-auto is default on the 2960 and 2950 switches​
  • May be turned off with the nonegotiate command​
  • May be turned back on by setting the interface to dynamic-auto​
  • Setting a switch to a static trunk or static access will avoid negotiation issues with the switchport mode trunk or the switchport mode access commands.
A

Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)

21
Q

interface configuration command to stop DTP negotiation.​

A

switchport nonegotiate

22
Q

negotiated int modes

A
  1. access:
    Permanent access mode and negotiates to convert the neighboring link into an access link.
  2. dynamic auto:
    Will become a trunk interface if the neighboring interface is set to trunk or desirable mode.
  3. dynamic desirable:
    Actively seeks to become a trunk by negotiating with other auto or desirable interfaces.
  4. trunk:
    Permanent trunking mode and negotiates to convert the neighboring link into a trunk link.
23
Q

command to determine the current DTP mode

A

show dtp interface f0/1

24
Q

are used to segment switched Layer 2 networks for a variety of reasons. Regardless of the reason, hosts in one VLAN cannot communicate with hosts in another VLAN unless there is a router or a Layer 3 switch to provide routing services.​

25
is the process of forwarding network traffic from **one VLAN to another VLAN.**
**Inter-VLAN routing**
26
**There are three inter-VLAN routing options:**
**Legacy Inter-VLAN routing** - This is a legacy solution. It `does not scale well`.​ **Router-on-a-Stick** - This is an acceptable solution for a `small to medium-sized network`.​ **Layer 3 switch using switched virtual interfaces (SVIs)** - This is the most scalable solution for `medium to large organizations`.​ ​
27
The **first inter-VLAN routing solution** relied on using a router with multiple Ethernet interfaces. Each router interface was connected to a switch port in different VLANs. The router interfaces served as the default gateways to the local hosts on the VLAN subnet.​ using physical interfaces works, but it has a significant limitation. It is not reasonably scalable because **routers have a limited number of physical interface**s. Requiring **one physical router** interface **per VLAN** quickly exhausts the physical interface capacity of a router.​ Note: This method of inter-VLAN routing is **no longer implemented** in switched networks and is included for explanation purposes only.
**Legacy inter-VLAN routing**
28
method **overcomes the limitation of the legacy inter-VLAN routing** method. It `only requires one physical Ethernet` interface to route traffic between multiple VLANs on a network.​ * has subinterfaces * max of 50 VLANS
**‘router-on-a-stick’ inter-VLAN routing**
29
The modern method of performing is to use **Layer 3** switches and switched virtual interfaces (SVI). An SVI is a virtual interface that is configured on a Layer 3 switch, as shown in the figure.​ **layer 3** == `multilayer switch`
**inter-VLAN routing**
30
are created the same way that the management VLAN interface is configured. The SVI is created for a VLAN that exists on the switch. Although virtual, the SVI performs the same functions for the VLAN as a router interface would. Specifically, it provides Layer 3 processing for packets that are sent to or from all switch ports associated with that VLAN.​ * much faster * increase bandwidth * more expensive
**Inter-VLAN SVIs**
31
- This command configures the subinterface to respond to 802.1Q encapsulated traffic from the specified vlan-id. The native keyword option is only appended to set the native VLAN to something other than VLAN 1.
**encapsulation dot1q vlan_id [native]**
32
- This command configures the IPv4 address of the subinterface. This address typically serves as the default gateway for the identified VLAN.​
**ip address ip-address subnet-mask**
33
**Common Inter-VLAN Issues**
1. **Missing VLANs** `How to Fix`: Create (or re-create) the VLAN if it does not exist. Ensure the host port is assigned to the correct VLAN. `How to Verify`: Use commands: ***show vlan [brief], show interfaces switchport, ping.*** 2. **Switch Trunk Port Issues** `How to Fix`: Ensure trunks are configured correctly. Ensure the port is a trunk port and enabled. `How to Verify`: Use commands: ***show interface trunk, show running-config.*** 3. **Switch Access Port Issues** `How to Fix`: Assign the correct VLAN to the access port. Ensure the port is an access port and enabled. Host may be incorrectly configured in the wrong subnet. `How to Verify`: Use commands: ***show interfaces switchport, show running-config interface, ipconfig.*** 4. **Router Configuration Issues** `How to Fix`: Router subinterface IPv4 address is incorrectly configured. Router subinterface should be assigned to the VLAN ID. `How to Verify`: Use commands: ***show ip interface brief, show interfaces.***
34
1. **Missing VLANs**
`How to Fix`: Create (or re-create) the VLAN if it does not exist. Ensure the host port is assigned to the correct VLAN. `How to Verify`: Use commands: ***show vlan [brief], show interfaces switchport, ping.***
35
2. **Switch Trunk Port Issues**
`How to Fix`: Ensure trunks are configured correctly. Ensure the port is a trunk port and enabled. `How to Verify`: Use commands: ***show interface trunk, show running-config.***
36
3. **Switch Access Port Issues**
`How to Fix`: Assign the correct VLAN to the access port. Ensure the port is an access port and enabled. Host may be incorrectly configured in the wrong subnet. `How to Verify`: Use commands: ***show interfaces switchport, show running-config interface, ipconfig.***
37
4. **Router Configuration Issues**
`How to Fix`: Router subinterface IPv4 address is incorrectly configured. Router subinterface should be assigned to the VLAN ID. `How to Verify`: Use commands: ***show ip interface brief, show interfaces.***
38
Verify that the port connecting to the router is correctly configured as a trunk link using the .​
**show interface trunk** command
39
If that port is missing from the output, examine the configuration of the port with the _____ command to see how the port is configured.​
**show running-config interface X**
40
- correct address but unable to ping its default gateway show vlan brief show int X sw show run int X
**switch access port issues**
41
is created using the **interface interface_id subinterface_id** global configuration mode command. ​
**subinterface**