First Chunk: week 1 basics

Question 1

how much motion would you expect a fibrous joint to have?

Answer 1

depends on what connective tissue unites them.

Question 2

name three types of fibrous joints, and expected movement

Answer 2

suture (little) syndesmosis (some) gomphosis (some–tooth)

Question 3

name a syndosmosis joint in the body, and the type of ligament used

Answer 3

ulnar/radial, interosseus ligamunt

Question 4

what is the purpose of proprioceptive information from your teeth?

Answer 4

how hard you are chewing

Question 5

Where do you find cartilaginous joints?

Answer 5

at growth plates (hyaline, or sternum) pubic symphosis intervertebral disk

Question 6

difference between a primary and secondary cartilaginous joint?

Answer 6

hyaline unites primary, fibrocartilage unites secondary.

Question 7

a primary cartilaginous joint is a —-, a secondary cartilaginous joint is a—-

Answer 7

synchondroses, symphyses

Question 8

what is the purpose of synovial fluid?

Answer 8

nourishes the articular cartilage, lubes the joint surface

Question 9

what is Hilton’s law?

Answer 9

nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint, and the skin covering their attatchments

Question 10

where are the nerve endings in a joint?

Answer 10

in the joint capsule

Question 11

where are the arteries and veins that supply the synovial joint located?

Answer 11

in the synovial membrane

Question 12

this type of joint would generally have no motion

Answer 12

a synarthroses

Question 13

this type of joint would generally have limited motion

Answer 13

an amphiarthroses

Question 14

this type of joint would generally have a lot of motion

Answer 14

diarthroses

Question 15

which two types of joints don’t have a joint capsule?

Answer 15

cartilaginous joints and fibrous joints

Question 16

synovial joints are often reinforced by ligaments, why

Answer 16

they have a greater range of motion– need more stability

Question 17

where do these ligaments on synovial joints come from?

Answer 17

often thickened parts of the capsule

Question 18

what is the periosteum?

Answer 18

connective tissue surrounding the bone, blends into the fibrous joint capsule

Question 19

what is the function of articular cartilage?

Answer 19

reduces friction and protects the underlying bone

Question 20

is there blood within the synovial joint?

Answer 20

no, it is filtered into synovial fluid

Question 21

two functions of the miniscus of the knee?

Answer 21

distributes forces, and helps with joint congruency

Question 22

what is the function of nerves in the articular capsule?

Answer 22

monitor capsular stretch, so pain and proprioception

Question 23

two reasons why risk of ankle sprin is increased after a previous sprain

Answer 23

biomechanical (increased laxity) neuromotor (reduced proprioception

Question 24

is the extensive blood supply to the joint for the cartilage?

Answer 24

no, mainly for the synovial fluid

Question 25

what type of movement does a plane joint allow?

Answer 25

short gliding movements on a flat articular surface

Question 26

how is gliding used?

Answer 26

as an accessory movement, lots of joints making little movements

Question 27

what must you have with plane joints?

Answer 27

lots of supporting ligaments

Question 28

describe a hinge joint

Answer 28

cylinder and trough, movement in one plane

Question 29

what structural support comes with a hinge joint?

Answer 29

weak AP ligaments and strong lateral, or vice/versa.

Question 30

how does the pivot joint differ from the hinge?

Answer 30

rotates about its long axis

Question 31

how is the pivot joint similar to the hinge?

Answer 31

one bone has rotation relative to another that is fixed

Question 32

in what way does a condyloid joint differ from a ball and socket joint?

Answer 32

only biaxial (back and forth, side to side), more restrictive

Question 33

some joints have a shape that adds to their stability. example?

Answer 33

hip, elbow

Question 34

three factors that can add to the stability of a joint

Answer 34

muscle tone, joint shape, ligaments

Question 35

three structures that reduce friction in a synovial joint?

Answer 35

sheath, bursa, fat pad

Question 36

two structures in a synovial joint that improve congruence?

Answer 36

articular disc, labrum

Question 37

what is a labrum

Answer 37

lenthens the fossa on the articular surface, increasing concavity

Question 38

how do the osteokinematics of knee flexion differer from the arthrokinematics?

Answer 38

flexon/extension, roll and glide

Question 39

open chain movement is?

Answer 39

proximal portion is fixed

Question 40

when the origin is moving towards the insertion, it is typically this type of movement

Answer 40

closed chain

Question 41

what is a reverse contraction?

Answer 41

if the distal end is fixed, and the origin is moving towards the insertion

Question 42

if you bend forward slowly, what kind of contraction do your back muscles make?

Answer 42

eccentric