First Aid: Sleep disorder

Question 1

Dyssomnias

Answer 1

insufficient, excessive, or alliterated timing of sleep

• difficult to fall or remain asleep
• occurs 3 days for a week for at least 3 months

Question 2

Parasomnias

Answer 2

Unusual sleep-related behaviors

Question 3

acute insomnia

Answer 3

less than 3 months

Question 4

chronic insomnia

Answer 4

lasts greater than or equal to 3 months

Question 5

first line therapy for chronic insomnia

Answer 5

CBT

Question 6

medication treatment for insomnia

Answer 6

Benzodiazepines: reduce sleep latency and nocturnal awakening

• Zolpidem, eszopiclone, zaleplon
• Trazadone

Question 7

Hypersomnia

Answer 7

excessive quality of sleep despite 7 hours of sleep

- 3 times a week for 3 months

Question 8

Etiology of hypersomnia

Answer 8

Viral infections
genetic
head trauma

Question 9

treatment for hypersomnia

Answer 9

life-long modafinil or stimulant

scheduled napping

Question 10

apneic episode

Answer 10

cessation of breathing or hypopneic episodes of reduced airflow

Question 11

treatment for obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 11

• CPAP

- surgery

Question 12

Cheyne stroke breathing

Answer 12

pattern of periodic crescendo-decrescendo variation in tidal volume due to medical condition

Question 13

besdies cheyne stroke breathing, what else can cause central sleep apnea

Answer 13

opioid use

Question 14

treatment for central sleep apnea

Answer 14

CPAP

- treat underlying cause

Question 15

narcoleptic cataplexy

Answer 15

loss of muscle tone

Question 16

catatonic catalepsy

Answer 16

unprovoked muscular rigidity

Question 17

hyponopmic halllucination

Answer 17

occurs when waking up

Question 18

Hypnagogic hallucination

Answer 18

going to sleep

Question 19

what does polysomnography show for narcolepsy

Answer 19

reduced REM sleep latency

Question 20

tetrad for narcolepsy

Answer 20

1. excessive daytime sleepiness
2. REM-related sleep phenomena: inability to move
3. hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinatoins
4. cataplexy

Question 21

treatment for cataplexy

Answer 21

• sodium oxybate
• TCA
• SSRI

Question 22

What coordinates 24-hour or circadian rhythmicity

Answer 22

suprachiasmic nucleus in hypothalamus

Question 23

Delayed sleep phase disorder

Answer 23

chronic or recurrent delay in sleep onset and awakening times with preserved quality and duration of sleep

Question 24

Advanced sleep phase disorder

Answer 24

normal duration and quality of sleep with sleep onset and awakening times earlier than desired

Question 25

shift work disorder

Answer 25

sleep deprivation and misalignment of the circadian rhythm secondary to nontraditional work hours

Question 26

jet lag disorder

Answer 26

sleep disturbances associated with travel across multiple times zones

Question 27

treatment for Delayed sleep phase disorder

Answer 27

phototherapy

melatonin

Question 28

treatment for Advanced sleep phase disorder

Answer 28

phototherapy before bedtime

Question 29

name the nonREM sleep disorders

Answer 29

sleepwalking
sleep terrors
nightmare disorder

Question 30

name REM sleep disorder

Answer 30

restless legs syndrome

Question 31

treatment for sleep walking

Answer 31

no needed

- refectory cases may use benzos

Question 32

sleep terror

Answer 32

dreams are not remembered

Question 33

sleep terror comorbid with

Answer 33

sleep walking

Question 34

when does sleep terror occur

Answer 34

slow-wave sleep

Question 35

when does nightmare disorder occur

Answer 35

second half of sleep episode

Question 36

treatment for nightmare disorder

Answer 36

• desensitization/imagery rehersal therapy

- Prazosin for PTSD

Question 37

is there confusion after REM sleep distrubance

Answer 37

no

Question 38

deficiency in what can cause restless leg syndrome

Answer 38

iron

Question 39

first line treatment for restless leg syndrome

Answer 39

dopamine agonists and benzodiazepine

Question 40

treatment for refractory restless leg syndrome

Answer 40

opioid