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Step 1 > First Aid - Key Associations > Flashcards

First Aid - Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

precursor to sq cell carcinoma

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2
Q

acute gastric ulcer ass’d with CNS injury

A

cushings ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

acute gastric ulcer ass’d with severe burns

A

curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

aneurysm, dissecting

A

hypertension

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5
Q

age ranges for ALL, CLL, AML, CML

A

ALL: child, CLL: >60, AML: ~65, CML: 45-85

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6
Q

alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

skip lesions - crohn disease

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7
Q

aortic aneurysm, abd

A

atherosclerosis

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8
Q

aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorium destruction

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9
Q

aortic aneurysm, thoracic

A

marfan syndrome

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10
Q

atrophy of the mamillary bodies

A

wernicke encephalopathy - thyamine def causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion

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11
Q

autosplenectomy

A

sickle cell disease

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12
Q

bacteria ass’d with gastritis, peptic ulcer dz and gastric malignancies

A

h pylori

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13
Q

bacterial meningitis - adults and elderly

A

s pneumoniae

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14
Q

bacterial meningitis - newborn and kids

A

GBS/ e coli (newborn), s pneumoniae/ n meningitidis

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15
Q

b/l ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma

A

krukenberg tumor

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16
Q

bleeding disorder with GpIb deficency

A

Benard-Soulier syndrome - defect in platelet adhesion to von willebrand factor

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17
Q

brain tumor (adults)

A

supratentorial: mets, astrocytoma, meningioma, schwannoma

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18
Q

brain tumor (kids)

A

infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharygioma

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19
Q

breast cancer

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

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20
Q

breast mass

A

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (postmenopausal women)

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21
Q

primary cardiac tumor (kids)

A

rhabdomyoma - seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

breast tumor - b9, young woman

A

fibroadenoma

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23
Q

cardiac tumor (adult)

A

mets, myxoma (L atrium, ball and valve)

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24
Q

cardiac manifestations of lupus

A

marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

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25
Q

chronic arrhythmia

A

a fib - ass’d with high risk of emboli

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26
Q

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

chiari II malformation

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27
Q

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposed to gastric carcinoma - can also cause pernicious anemia

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28
Q

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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29
Q

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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30
Q

congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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31
Q

congenial conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

dubin-johnson syndrome

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32
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)

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33
Q

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LA>RCA>circumflex

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34
Q

cretinism

A

iodine defect/congential hypothyroidism

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35
Q

death in CML

A

blast crisis

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36
Q

death in SLE

A

lupus nephropathy

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37
Q

demetia

A
  • alzheimer disease

- multiple farcts (vascular dementia)

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38
Q

demylinating disease in young women

A

MS

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39
Q

DIC

A 
-severe sepsis
obstetric complications
-cancer
-burns
-trauma
- major surgery
-acute pancreatitis
-APL
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40
Q

diverticulum in pharynx

A

zenkers

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41
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

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42
Q

esophageal cancer

A

sq cell carcinoma (worldwide), adenocarcinoma (US)

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43
Q

food poisoning

A
  • s areus

- b cereus

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44
Q

gastric cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

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45
Q

glomerulonephritis - adult

A

berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

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46
Q

gynecologic malignancy

A

endometrial carcinoma (US), cervical carcinoma (worldwide)

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47
Q

heart murmur, congenital

A

MVP

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48
Q

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A
  • mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever)

- tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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49
Q

helminth infection (US)

A
  • enterobus vermicularis

- ascaris lumbricoides

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50
Q

epidural hematoma

A

MMA rupture - lentiform shaped

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51
Q

subdural hematoma

A

rupture of bridging veins - crescent shaped

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52
Q

hemochromatosis

A

multiple transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation - increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

53
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cirrhoti liver - Hep B, C and alchohol abuse

54
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von willebran disease

55
Q

hereditary harmless jaundice

A

gilbert syndrome - unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

56
Q

HLA-B27

A
  • psoriatic arthritis
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • IBD-ass;d arthritis
  • reactive arthritis (was Reiter syndrome)
57
Q

HLA-DR3

A
  • DM type 1
  • SLE
  • graves
  • hashimoto thyriodidis
  • addison disease
58
Q

HLA-DR4

A
  • DM type 1
  • RA
  • addison disease
59
Q

holosystolic murmur

A
  • VSD
  • tricuspid regurg
  • mitral regurg
60
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

virchow triad - increased risk of thrombosis

61
Q

sendodary HTN

A
  • renal artery stenosis
  • chronic kidney disease
  • hyperaldosteronism
62
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

accidental excision during thyroidectomy

63
Q

hypopituitarism

A

pituitary adenoma - usually benign

64
Q

infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

hep C

65
Q

infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A
  • s areus
  • e coli
  • aspergillua (catalase +)
66
Q

intellectual diasbility

A

down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

67
Q

kidney stones

A
  • ca = radiopaque
  • struvate = radiopaque (klebsiella, proteus, saprohyticus)
  • uric acid = radiolucent
  • cystine = radiolucent
68
Q

late cyanotic shunt

A

eisenmenger syndrome - causes pulm HTN/polycythemia

69
Q

liver dz

A

etoh cirrhosis

70
Q

lysosomal storage dz

A

gaucher dz

71
Q

male cancer

A

prostatic cancer

72
Q

malignancy ass’d with noninfectious fever

A

hodgkin lymphoma

73
Q

malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, meduloblastoma (cerebellar)

74
Q

metastases to bone

A

prostate ca

75
Q

metastases to brain

A

lung > breast> GU > melanoma > GI

76
Q

microcytic anemia

A

Fe deficiency

77
Q

mitochondiral inheritance

A

disease occurs both in M and Fm inherited through females only

78
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

79
Q

mixed (UMN/LMN) neuron disease

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

80
Q

myocarditis

A

coxsackie B

81
Q

nephrotic syndrome - adults

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

82
Q

nephrotic syndrome - kids

A

minimal change disease

83
Q

neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome - hypogonadotriphic hypogonadism and anosmia

84
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A
  • s areus
  • pseudomonas
  • other enteric gram - rods
85
Q

obst of male urinary tract

A

BPH

86
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

87
Q

opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

PCP

88
Q

osteomyelitis

A

s areus (MC overall)

89
Q

osteomyelitis in sickle cell

A

salmonella

90
Q

osteomyelitis with IV drug use

A
  • pseudomonas
  • candida
  • s areus
91
Q

ovarian tumor - b9, b/l

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

92
Q

pancreatitis - acute

A

gallstones, etoh

93
Q

pancreatitis - chronic

A

etoh, CF (kids)

94
Q

pelvic inflammatory dz

A
  • c trachomatis

- n gonorrheae

95
Q

philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) - BCR-ABL

A

CML

96
Q

pituitary tumor

A
  • prolactinoma

- somatotrophic adenoma

97
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

turner syndrome (45, XO or 45XO/46,XX mosaic)

98
Q

primary bone tumor (adults)

A

multiple myeloma

99
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adenoma of adrenal cortex

100
Q

primary hyperparathyroidiam

A

adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

101
Q

primary liver cancer

A

hepatocellular carcinoma - chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochomatosis, A1AT, wilson dz)

102
Q

pulmonary HTN

A

idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease, lung dz, hypoxemic vasoconstriction

103
Q

recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

buerger dz - strong ass’t w/ tobacco

104
Q

refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellizon syndrome, ass’d with MEN1

105
Q

renal tumor

A

renal cell carcinoma, ass’d with VHL and smoking, paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

106
Q

R heart failure d/t pulmonary cause

A

cor pulmonale

107
Q

S3 heart sound

A

increased vent cilling pressure - mitral regurg, HF; common in dilated ventricles

108
Q

S4 heart sound

A

stiff/hypertrophic ventricle - aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy

109
Q

secondary hyperpaprathyroidism

A

hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

110
Q

STD

A

c thrachomatis - usually a coinfection with n gonorrheoeae

111
Q

SIADH

A

small cell carcinoma

112
Q

site of diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

113
Q

sites of atherosclerosis

A

abd aorta > coronary a > popliteal a > carotid a

114
Q

t(14;18)

A

follicular lymphomas

115
Q

t(8;14)

A

burkitt lymphoma

116
Q

t(9;22)

A

CML

117
Q

temporal arteritis

A

risk of i/l blindness d/t occulsion of opthamic a; polymyalgia rheumatica

118
Q

testicular tumor

A

seminoma - increased placental ALP

119
Q

thyroid cancer

A

papillary carcinoma - childhood irradiation

120
Q

tumor in women

A

leiomyoma - estrogen dependent, not precancerous

121
Q

tumor of infancy

A

strawberry hemangioma

122
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla (adult)

A

pheochromocytoma

123
Q

tumor of the adrenal medulla - kids

A

neuroblastoma - malignant

124
Q

types of hodgkin lymphoma

A

nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity (+EBV) , lymphocyte predominance, lymphocyte depletion (+EBV)

125
Q

type of non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

diffuse large-B cell lymphoma

126
Q

UTI

A
  • e coli

- staph saprophyticus

127
Q

vertebral compression fracture

A

osteoporosis - type 1 in postmenopausal women, type 2 in elderly

128
Q

viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

A

HSV-1

129
Q

vitamin def (US)

A

folate - body only has 3-4mo store, preg women = high risk

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