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Step 1 > First Aid - Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

First Aid - Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

antidesmolegin (epithelial) antibodies

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

anti-GBM antibodies

A

goodpastures (GNP + hemoptysis)

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4
Q

antihistone antibiodies

A

drug-induced SLE

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5
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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6
Q

AMAs

A

primary biliary cirrhosis - female, cholestasis, portal HTN

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7
Q

MPO-ANCA (p-ANCA)

A

microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss

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8
Q

PR3-ANCA (c-ANCA)

A

granulomastosis with polyangiitis

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9
Q

anti-smith antibodies

A

SLE

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10
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic pupura

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11
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

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12
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliasin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

celiac disease - diarrhea, distention, wt loss

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13
Q

“apple core” lesion on abd x-ray

A

colorectal cancer - usually L sided

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14
Q

azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

auer rods - AML, esp te promyelocytic (M3) type

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15
Q

bactracin response

A

sensitive: streptococus pyogens (group A); resistant: streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

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16
Q

“bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

ankylosing spondlyitis - chronic inflammatory arthritis (HLA-B27)

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17
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

howell-jolly bodies - d/t splenectomy or nonfxnl spleen

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18
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

boot-shaped heart on CXR

A

tetrology of fallot, RVH

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21
Q

branching gm + rods with sulfure granules

A

actinomyces israelii

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22
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

pancoast tumor - can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome

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23
Q

“brown” tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica - deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color

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24
Q

cardiomegaly with apically atrophy

A

chagas disease

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25
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

RPGN

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26
Q

“chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometreosis - frequently involves both ovaries

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27
Q

circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

homer-wright rosettes - neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma

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28
Q

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF

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29
Q

decreased in AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

down synd or other chromosomal abn

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30
Q

degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

tabes dorsalis - tertiary syphilis

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31
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

parkinson dz - basal ganglia disorder; rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia

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32
Q

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosiniphilic fluid

A

call-exner bodies - granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary

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33
Q

desquamated epi casts in sputum

A

curschmann spirals - bronchial asthma, can get whorled mucous plugs

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34
Q

dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

koilocytes - HPV

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35
Q

enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“owl eye” appearance of CMV

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36
Q

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

A

“orphan annie” eyes nuclei - papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

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37
Q

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells

A

mallory body - etoh liver dz

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38
Q

eosinophilic cutoplasmic inclusions in nerve cells

A

lewy body - PD

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39
Q

eosinophilic globule in liver

A

councilman body - toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever

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40
Q

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells

A

negri bodies or rabies

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41
Q

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter or brain

A

senile plaques - alzheimer dz

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42
Q

giant B cels with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

A

reed-sternberg cells - Hodgkin lymphoma

43
Q

glomerulous-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

schiller-duval bodies - yolk sac tumor

44
Q

“hair on end” (crew-cut) appearance on xray

A

beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia - marrow expansion

45
Q

hCG elevated

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatiform mole

46
Q

heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

aschoff bodies - rheumatic fever

47
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

48
Q

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

bronchial asthma - charcot-leyden crystals, eosiniophilic granules

49
Q

high levels of d-dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

50
Q

hilar LAD, peripheral granulomatous lesions in middle or lower lung lobes - can calcify

A

ghon complexes - primary TB, mycobacterium bacilli

51
Q

“honeycomb lung” on xray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

52
Q

hypercoagulability - leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitides

A

trousseau syndrome - adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or lungs

53
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils

A

megaloblastic anemia - B12 def = neuo s/s, folate def = no neuro s/s

54
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

conn syndrome

55
Q

hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Fe def anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Bh sometimes present)

56
Q

increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defect)

57
Q

increased uric acid levels

A

gout, lech-nyhan syndrome, tymor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

58
Q

increanuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

59
Q

Fe-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

ferruginous bodies - asbestos, increased chance of mesothelioma

60
Q

keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

sq cell carcinoma

61
Q

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immuodef

A

chediask-higashi disease - congenital failure of phagolysosome formation

62
Q

“lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

UC - loss of haustra

63
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

goodpasture syndrome

64
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

wilson disease - hepatolenticular

65
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

post strep GNP - IgG and C3b complex deposition

66
Q

lytic (“hole punched”) bone lesions on xray

A

multiple myeloma

67
Q

mammary glad (“blue domed”) cyst

A

fibrocytic change of the breast

68
Q

monoclonal antibody spike

A
  • multiple myeloma
  • monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
  • waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
  • primary amyloidosis
69
Q

mucin-filled cells with peripheral nucleus

A

“signet ring” - gastic carcinoma

70
Q

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium xray

A

“string sign” - crohn disease

71
Q

necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing GNP

A
  • granulomatosis with polangiitis

- goodpasture syndrome

72
Q

needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

gout

73
Q

nodule hyaline deposits in glomerular

A

kimmelstel-wilson nodules - diabetic nephropathy

74
Q

novobiocin response

A

sensitive: staph epidermidis; resistant: staph saprophyticus

75
Q

“nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

chronic passive congestion of liver d/t RHF

76
Q

“onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

ewing sarcoma - malignant round-cell tumor

77
Q

optochin response

A

sentive: strep pneumo; resistant: viridans, streptococci

78
Q

periosetum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

codman triangle on xray - osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

79
Q

polished, “ivory-like” appearance of bones at cartilage erosion

A

eburnation - osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis

80
Q

psammoma bodies

A

meningioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

81
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

82
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

acute GNP

83
Q

rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells

A

reinke crystals - Leydig cell tumor

84
Q

renal epi casts in urine

A

acute toxic/viral renal injury

85
Q

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

A

pseudogout - CaPO dihydrade crystals

86
Q

rib notching

A

coarctation of the aorta

87
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS pt

A

toxoplama gondii, CNS lymphoma

88
Q

sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden MPs - “starry sky” histology

A

burkitt lymphoma - t[8:14] c-myc activation, ass’d with EBV; “black sky” made up of malignant cells

89
Q

silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

pick bodies (pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

90
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on xray

A

giant cell tumor of bone - generally benign

91
Q

“spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” subepi deposits

A

membranous GNP - may progress to nephrotic syndrome

92
Q

stacks of RBCs

A

rouleaux formation - high ESR, multiple myeloma

93
Q

stippled vaginal epi cells

A

“clue cells” - garderella vaginalis

94
Q

“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

birbeck granules - langerhans cells histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma

95
Q

thrombi made of red/white layers

A

lines of zahn - aterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs (pre-mortem)

96
Q

“tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

membranoproliferative GNP

97
Q

triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

fatty liver disease - etoh or metabolic syndrome

98
Q

“waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end-stage renal dz

99
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelo

100
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CCL - almost always B cell

101
Q

“wire look” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

lupus nephropathy

102
Q

yellowish CSF

A

xanthochromia

103
Q

amastigotes in macrophages

A

leishmania infection (kaplan)

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