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Step 1 > First Aid - Classic Presentations > Flashcards

First Aid - Classic Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

abd pain,
ascites,
hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

achilles tendon xhanthoma

A

familial hypercholesterolemia (dec LDL receptor signaling)

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3
Q

adrenal hemorrhage,
hypotension,
DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderich synd (meningococcemia)

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4
Q

+ ant drawer sign

A

ACL injury

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5
Q

arachnodactyly,
lens dislocation,
aortic dissection,
hyperflexible joints

A

marfan synd (fibrilin defect)

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6
Q

athlete w/ polycythemia

A

secondary to EPO injection

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7
Q

back pain,
fever,
night sweats,
weight loss,

A

pott’s dz (vertebral TB)

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8
Q

b/l adenopathy,

uveitis

A

sarcoid (noncaseating granulomas)

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9
Q

blue sclera

A

osteogensis imprefecta (type I collagen defect)

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10
Q

bone pain,
bone enlargement,
arthritis

A

paget disease of bone (increase osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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11
Q

bounding pulse,
diastolic heart murmur,
head bobbing

A

arortic regurg

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12
Q

butterfly facial rash,
rayunaud phenomenon,
young F

A

SLE

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13
Q

cafe-au-lait spots,
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,
precocious puberty,
multiple endo abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright synd (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

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14
Q

cafe-au-lait spots,

lisch nodules

A

neurofibromatosis I (+ peho, opti gliomas)

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15
Q

calf pseudohypertrophy

A

muscular dystrophy (duchenne = MC): x-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin

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16
Q

“cherry-red” spots on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside) or Neimann-Pick (sphingomyelin)

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17
Q

chest pain on exertion

A

angina

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18
Q

chest pain,
pericardial effusion/friction rub,
persistent fever following MI

A

dressler’s syndrome (1-12 wks post MI autoimmune pericarditis)

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19
Q

child uses arm to stand up from squat

A

gower’s sign (duchenne’s muscular dystrophy)

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20
Q

child with fever, later develops rash on face that spreads to body

A

“slapped cheeks”: erythemia infectiosum/fifths dz - parvovirus B19

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21
Q

chorea,
dementia,
caudate degeneration

A

huntington’s dz: AF CAG expansion

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22
Q 
chronic exercis intolerance,
myalgias,
fatigue,
painful cramps,
myoglobinuria
A

McArdle dz: mm glycogen phosphorlase def

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23
Q

cold intolerance

A

hypothyroidism

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24
Q

conjugate lateral gaze palsy,

horizontal diplopia

A

INO: damage to MLF, b/l = MC, u/l = stroke

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25
Q

continuous “machine-like” murmur

A

PDA

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26
Q

cutaneous/dermal edema d/t connective tissue deposition

A

myxedema: hypothyroid, Grave’s = pretibial

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27
Q

dark purple skin/mouth nodules in AIDs pt

A

Kaposi sarcoma: ass’d with HHV-8

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28
Q

deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul respirations (DKA)

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29
Q

dermatitis,
dementia,
diarrhea

A

Pellagra: niacin/vit B3 def

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30
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy,
edema,
alcoholism or malnutrition

A

Wet beriberi: thiamine/vit B1 def

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31
Q

dog or cat bite leading to inf

A

pasturella multocida

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32
Q

dry eyes,
dry mouth,
arthritis

A

Sjogren syndrome

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33
Q

dysphagia,
glossitis,
Fe def anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

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34
Q

elastic skin,

hyper-mobility of joints

A

Ehlers-danlos syndrome: typer III collagen defect

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35
Q

enlarged, hard L supraclavicular node

A

Virchow’s node: abd mets

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36
Q

erythroderma,
LAD,
HSM,
atypical T cells

A

Mycosis fungoides or sezary syndrome

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37
Q

facial mm spasm upon tapping

A

chvostek sign: hypocalcemia

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38
Q

fever,
chills ,
HA,
myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction: rapid lysis of spirochetes result in toxin release

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39
Q 
fever,
cough,
conjunctivitis,
coryza (stuffy nose),
diffuse rash
A

measles

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40
Q

fever,
night sweats,
wt loss

A

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

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41
Q

fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

Peyronie dz: connective tissue disorder

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42
Q

gout,
intellectual disability,
self-mutilating behavior in boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (x-linkd recessive)

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43
Q

green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleisher rings: copper accumulation for Wilson dz

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44
Q

hamartomatous GI polyps,

hyperpigmented mouth/feet/hands

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: inherited benign polyposis that can cause obst

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45
Q

HSM,
osteoporosis,
neuro s/s

A

Gaucher synd: glucocerebrsidase def

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46
Q

hereditary nephritis,
sensorinural hearing loss,
cataracts

A

alport synd: collagen IV mutation

47
Q

hyperphagia,
hypersexuality,
hyerorality,
hyperdocility,

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

48
Q

hyperreflexia,
hypertonia,
babinski’s sign

A

UMN damage

49
Q

hyporeflexia,
hypotonia,
atrophy,
fasciulations

A

LMN damage

50
Q

indurated, ulcerated genital lesions

A

nonpainful = chancre (primary syphilis: trponema pallidum), painful w/ edudate = chanceroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

51
Q

infant with cleft lip/palate,
microcephaly or holopresencephaly,
polydactaly,
cutis aplasia

A

Patau syndrome: trisomy 13

52
Q

infant with failure to thrive,
heptosplenomegaly,
neurodegeneration

A

Niemann-Pick disease: sphingomylinase def

53
Q

infant with hypoglycemia,
failure to thrive,
hepatomegaly

A

Cori disease or Von Gierke disease

54
Q

infant with microcephaly,
rocker-bottom feet,
clenched hands,
structural heart defect

A

Edwards syndrome: trisomy 18

55
Q

jaundice,

palpable distended non-tender gall-bladder

A

Corvosier sign: distal biliary tree obst

56
Q

large rash with bulls-eye appearance

A

erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite: lyme disease - Borrelia

57
Q

lucid interval after TBI

A

Epidural hematoma: middle meningeal aa rupture

58
Q

male child,
recent infection,
no mature B cells

A

bruton dz: x-linked agammaglobulinemia

59
Q

mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia: defect in platelet aggregation d/t lack of GpIIb/IIIa

60
Q

muffled heart sounds,
distended neck vv,
hypotension

A

beck’s triad: cardiac tamponade

61
Q

multiple colon polyps,
osteomas/soft tissue tumors,
impacted/supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner’s syndrome

62
Q

monopathy, exercise intolerance

A

Pompe dz

63
Q

neonate with with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy

64
Q

no lactation postpartum,
absent maturation,
cold intolerace

A

Sheehan Syndrome: pituitary infarction

65
Q

nystagmus,
intention tremor,
scanning speech,
b/l INO

A

multiple sclerosis

66
Q

oscillating slow/fast breathing

A

cheyne-stokes respiration: central apnea in CHF or increased ICP

67
Q

painful blue fingers/toes,

hemolytic anemia

A

Cold agglutinin dz

68
Q

painful pale cold fingers/toes

A

rayunaud phenomenon

69
Q

painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

A

Janeway lesions: infective endocarditis

70
Q

epigastric pain, painless distended gallbladder, jaundice

A

cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct

71
Q

painful, red raised lesions on pads on fingers and toes

A

osler nodes: infective endocarditis

72
Q

palpable purpura on buttocks/legs,
joint pain,
abd pain (child),
hematuria

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura: IgA vasculitis

73
Q

pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

A

MEN 1

74
Q

periorbital and/or peripheral edema,
proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia,
hypercholesterolemia

A

nephrotic syndrome

75
Q

pink complexion,
dyspnea,
hyerventilation

A

“pink-puffer”: emphysema - panacinar

76
Q 
polyuria,
renal tubular acidosis type II,
growth failure,
electrolyte imbalances,
hypophosphatemic rickets
A

Fanconi syndrome

77
Q

pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques

A

Lichen planus

78
Q

ptosis,
misosis,
anhydrosis

A

horner syndrome

79
Q

pupil accomodates but doesn’t react

A

argyll robinson pupil

80
Q

rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/URI

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome: autoimmune inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy

81
Q

rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, 2* syphilis, RMSF

82
Q

Recurrent colds,
unusual eczema,
high serum IgE

A

Hyper-IgE syndrome aka Job syndrome

83
Q

red “current jelly” sputum in an alcoholic or diabetic

A

Klebsiella pneumonia

84
Q

red “current jelly” stools

A

acute mesenteric ischemia (adult), intussusception (infants)

85
Q

red, itchy, swollen rash of the nipple/areola

A

Paget disease of the breast

86
Q

renal cell carcinoma b/l,
hemangioblastomas,
angiomatosis,
pheochromocytoma

A

von Hippe-Lindau dz

87
Q

resting tremor,
akinesia,
postural instability

A

parkinson dz: nigrostriatal dopamine depletion

88
Q

retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

roth spots: bacterial endocarditis

89
Q

severe jaundice in neonate

A

crigler-najjar syndrome

90
Q

severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

A

rovsing sign: acute appy

91
Q

severe RLQ with rebound tenderness

A

McBurney sign: acute appy

92
Q

short stature
increased incidence of tumors/leukemia
aplastic anemia

A

Faconi snydrome

93
Q

single palmar crease

A

Down syndrome

94
Q

situs inversus,
chronic sinusitis,
bronchiectasis,
infertility

A

kartagener syndrome: dynein arm defect

95
Q

skin hyperpigmentation,
hypotension,
fatigue

A

addison disease: 1* adrenocortical insufficiency

96
Q

slow progressive mm weakness in boys

A

becker muscular dystrophy: x-linked, less severe than Duchenne

97
Q

small, irregular red spots on buccal.lingual mucosa with blue-white center

A

Koplick spots: measles - rubeola virus

98
Q

smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals

A

condylomata lata: 2* syphilis

99
Q

splinter hemorrhages in finger nails

A

bacterial endocarditis

100
Q

“strawberry tongue”

A

scarlet fever, Kawasaki dz, TSS

101
Q 
streak ovaries,
congenital heart defect,
horseshoe kidney,
cystic hygroma at birth,
short stature,
webbed neck,
lymphedema
A

Turner syndrome: 45 XO

102
Q

swollen, painful big toe joint, tophi

A

gout/podagra

103
Q

swollen gums,
mucosal bleeding,
poor wound healing,
petechiae

A

scurvy

104
Q

swollen, hard, painful dinger joints

A

osteoarthritis

105
Q

systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)

A

aortic valve stenosis

106
Q

thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A

107
Q

thyroid tumors, pehochromocytoma, ganglioneuomatosis

A

MEN 2B

108
Q

toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign: UMN lesion

109
Q

u/l facial droop involving forehead

A

facial nn palsy: LMN CN VII palsy

110
Q

urethritis,
conjunctivitis,
arthritis in male

A

reactive arthritis ass’d with HLA-B27

111
Q

vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)

A

Hemangioma: benign, ass’d with Sturge-Weber syndrome)

112
Q

vomiting blood following GI lacs

A

Malloy-Weiss syndrome: etoh and bulimic pts

113
Q 
wt loss,
diarrhea,
arthritis,
fever,
adenopathy
A

Whipple dz

114
Q

WHAOML

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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