DIT - Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
newborn with arm paralysis following difficult labor
Erb-Duchenne Palsy - C5 and C6 nerve root lesion
amyloid deposits in the gray matter of the brain
senile plaques - Alzheimer’s
drooling farmer
organophosphate poisoning
medical tx for pheochromocytoma
alpha antagonist (phenoxybenzamine)
selective alpha1-antagonist used to tx BPH
tamsulosin
bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur
aortic regurg
strawberry cervix
trichomonas vaginalis
clue cells
gardnerella vaginalis
bacteria with “school of fish” appearance
h. deucreyi
dark purple nodules on the skin of HIV pt
Kaposi sarcoma
large cells with “owl’s eye” inclusion
CMV
treatment for CMV
gancyclovir
MC opportunistic inf for HIV
PCP
PCP prophylaxis
when CD4 is less than 200
boy with self-mutilation behavior, intellectual disability, and gout
lesch-nyhan syndrome
orotic acid in urine, elevated serum ammonium
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
orotic acid in urine, normal serum ammonia, magaloblastic anemia that doesn’t correct with B12 or folate
orotic aciduria
MC benign tumor in women
leiomyoma
“chocolat cyst” of the ovary
endometriosis
“powder burn” lesions
endometriosis
eczema, recurrent cold abcesses, high serum IgE
hyper IgE syndrome ( aka Job dz)
large phagosomal vesicles in neutrophils
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
lung ca ass’d with SIADH
SCLC > ADH
tumor ass’d with Hornden syndrome
pancoast tumor
lung ca ass’d with hypercalcemia
Sqamous Cell LC > inc PTHrP
lung ca ass’d with weakness
SCLC > Lambert Eaton synd
substances ass’d with lung ca
tobacco, radon, silica, asbestos
dysphagia, glossitis, Fe def anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
hematemesis with reching
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
paget’s dz of the bone
vertebral compression fractures
osteoporosis
MCC of neural tube defects
folate def
MC preventable cause of congenital malformations in the US
etoh use during pregnancy
hyperfleible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
Marfan’s
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Alport’s
“worst HA of my life”
subarachnoid hemorrhage
lucid interval following head trauma
epidural hematoma
bloody CSF on LP
subarachnoid hemorrhage
MCC of subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins
MCC of epidural hematoma
rupture of MMA
crescent shaped bleed on imaging
subdural hematoma
lens shaped bleed on imaging
epidural hematoma
MCC of dementia
Alzheimer’s
intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorlated tau protein
Alzheimer’s
2nd MCC of dementia
vascular
intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain
frontotemporal dementia (Pick dz)
continuous, machine-like heart murmur
PDA
boot-shaped heart in an infant
TOF
rib notching
coarc
MC congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
MC congenital cause of early cyanosis
TOF
positive anterior drawer sign
ACL injury
tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox
scaphoid fx
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
OA
swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
RA
cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath
eburnation in OA
swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
gout
positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
pseudogout
negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
gout
bamboo spine on x-ray
anklosing spondylitis
HLA-B27
SNSAs
pencil-in-cup on x-ray of finger
psoriatic arthritis
anti-smith and anti-dsDNA abs
SLE
anti-histone abs
drug-induced SLE
anti-centromere abs
CREST
anti-Jo-1 abs
diffuse scleroderma
anti-Ro abs
Sjogren’s
arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes
Sjogren’s
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
sq cell ca
MC malignant skin tumor
basal cell ca
main artery of the pelvis
internal iliac
main nerve of the pelvis
pudendal
“bag of worms” scrotum
varicocele (MC on L side)
testicular ca first mets to which LNs
paraaortic
MC cancer in M
prostate
MCC of urinary obst in M
BPH
MC tx of ED
PDE inhibitors (sildenafil)
hepatic adenoma
OCP use
“grape-like” vaginal tumor
sarcoma botyidues
koliocytes
HPV inf
MCC of infetility in W
PCOS
midcycle pelvic pain ass’d with ovulation
mittleschmertz
ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax
Meigs syndrome: ovarian fibromas
teratoma > hyperTSH
Struma ovarii
“snowstorm” appearance on US
hydatiform mole
MCC of genetic intelectular disability
tri 21
2nd MC genetic cause of intellectual disability
fragile X: inheritance is X-linked dominant
horseshoe kidney, congential heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma
turner’s syndrome
rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw
tri 18 (Edwards)
MC ca in W in US
breast cancer
MC b9 breast tumor
fibroadenoma
MC malignant breast tumor
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
blue domed cyst in the breast
fibrocystic change
tx for ER positive BC
tamoxifen
red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple
pagets dz of the breast
std tx for T pallidum
penicillin
cellulitis from dog or cat bite
pasturella
non-painful, indurated ulcerated genital lesion
chancre (1* syphilis)
moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion
condylomata lata (2* syphilis)
large bull’s-eye rash
erythema migrans (lyme)
can cause a false positive VRDL screen
Viral infections (EBV), Drugs (an IVDU), Rheumatic fever, Lupus (and any other autoimmune dz) and Leprosy, Pregnancy
ass’d with ghon focus or ghon complex + hilar LAD
primary TB
ass’d with lung infiltrate in apical posterior segments or upper lobes
reactivated TB
std initial tx regimen for Tb
rifampin, INH, pyrazidamide, ethambutol
TB drug causing peripheral neuropathy + how to prevent it
INH, give pyridoxine (B6)
TB drug causing body fluids to turn red/orange
rifampin
TB drug causing red green colorblindness
ethambutol
+ Ham’s test
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
tx fro absence seizures
ethosuximide
tx for eclampsia
MgSO
tx of status epilepticus
benzodiazepines - diazepam, lamotrigine
causes fetal hydantoin syndrome
phenytoin
conjugate lateral gaze palsy with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
INO
degeneration of the dorsal columns
tabes dorsalis
demylinating dz in a young woman
MS
mixed UMN & LMN diseae
ALS
toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
babinski reflex
dysphagia, glossitis, Fe def anemia
plummer-vinson synd
hematemesis with retching
mallory-weiss tear
signet rings cells are seen in these two pathologies
gastric adenocarcinoma, LCIS of the breast
mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus
signit ring cell
MC type of stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
ovarian mets from gastric cancer
krukenberg tumor
gastric ulcerations and high gastrin level
Zolinger-Elson syndrome
acute gastric ulcer ass’d with elevated ICP or head trauma
cushing ulcer
acute gastric ulcer ass’d with severe burns
curling ulcer
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
peutz-jeghers syndrome
multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardner syndrome
“apple core” lesion on barium enema
colon cancer
MC site of colonic diverticula
sigmoid colon
“string sign” on contrast x-ray
Crohn’s dz
“lead pipe” appearance on colon contrast x-ray
UC
painless jaundice
pancreatic cancer (esp in head)
MCC of acute pancreatitis
gallstones, etoh
MCC of chronic pancreatitis
chronic etoh use
severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
Crigler-Najjar
mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert syndrome
triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
fatty-liver dz
eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes
Mallory bodies
cancer closely linked to chirrosis
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
Budd-Chiari syndrome
green/yellow corneal deposits
Wilson Disease
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson Disease
Cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperpigmentation
Hemachromatosis
chronic sinusitis, infertility, and situs inversus
kartageners syndrome
elevated d-dimer
PE, DVT
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
Virchow’s triad
blue bloater
chronic bronchitis - hypoxemia, hypercapnia
pink puffer
emphysema - dyspnea, hyperventilation
curchmann spirals
asthma - whorled mucous plugs w/ shed epi
b/l hilar adenopathy, uveitis
sarcoid
anti-GBM Abs
goodpasture
honeycomb lung on x-ray
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Bierbeck granules (LCH)
Fe-containing nodules in the alveolar septum
asbestosis
chest pain, pericardial friction rub, persisten fever occurring several weeks after an MI
Dressler’s syndrome
splinter hemorrhages under the finger nails
infective endocarditis
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
roth sports
hear valve MC involved in inf endocarditis
mitral
heart valve MC involved in an IVDU with inf endocarditis
tricuspid
granulomatou nodules in the heart
aschoff bodies
MC primary cardiac tumor in adults
L atrial myxoma
MC primary cardiac tumor in kids
rhabdomyoma
MCC of const pericarditis
US: SLE, developing countries: TB
c-anca
granulomatosis with polyangitis
p-anca
churg strauss, microscopic polyangiitis
tx for thrombangiitis obliterans
smoking cessation
tx for giant cell arteritis
high dose corticosteroids
MC class of meds for bulimia nervosa
SSRI
medical treatment for alcohol withdraw
benzos
most effective tx for alcohol abuse
AA
atrophy of the mammillary bodies
wernicke encephaopathy
MC med for ADHA
methylphenidate
tx for central DI
desmopressin
tx for neprhogenic DI
HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
tx for LI-induces neprhrogenic DI
amiloride
bluish-colored lines on the gingivae
lead poisoning
tx of choice for rickets or osteomalacia
vitamin D
swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, and spots on the skin
scurvy
MC vitamin def in the US
folate
hypersegmented NP
megaloblastic > B9 or B12
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy
wet beri beri
MCC of hypercalcemia
primary hyperPTH
MCC of primary hyperPTH
parathyroid adenoma
MCC of secondary hyperPTH
chronic renal failure
MCC of hypoPTH
accidental removal
facial mm spasm with tapping of cheek
chvostek sign
parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors
MEN1
MC thyroid cancer
papillary
enlarged thyroid e/ ground glass nuceli
papillary thyroic ca
cold intolerance
hypothyroid
MC tumor of the adrenal
benign, nonsecretic
MC tumor of the adrenal medulla - adults
pheocromocytoma
MC tumor of the adrenal medulla - children
neuroblastoma
tx for peho (meds)
nonselective alpha blocker
pheo, medullary thyroid ca, hyperPTH
MEN2A
pheo, medullary thyroic ca, mucosal neuroma
MEN2B
MCC of primary hyperaldosteronism
adrenal adenoma
tx for hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone
adrenal dz ass’d with skin hyperpigmentation
addison
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
conn syndrome
MCCs of Cushings (4)
exogenous steroids, ectopic ACTH (SCLC), ACTH secreting tumor, adrenal tumor making cortisol
inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
sheehand syndrome
infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopia
prolactinoma
preferred anticoag for immediate anticogaulation
heparin or LMWH
preferred anticoag for LT anticoagulation
warfarin
preferred anticoag during pregnancy
heparin or LMWH
causes of hypochomic, microcytic anemia (4)
iron def, thalassemia, Fe poisoning, ACD
skull xray shows “hair-on-end” appearance
beta-thal or Hb-SS
basophilic stippling of RBCs
Fe poisoning
painful cyanosis of the finger and toes with hemolytic anemia
cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies
autosplenectomy
HbSS
drus used to tx HbSS
hydroxyuria
antiplatelet antibodies
ITP
bleeding disoder with Gp1b def
bernard-soulier
MC inherited bleeding disorder
vWb dz
cancer MCly ass’d with non-infectious fever
hodgkin’s lymphoma
sheets of lymphoid cells, “starry sky” appearance
Burkitt lymphoma
large b cells with bi-lobed nuclei and prominent “owl-eye” inclusion
Reid-Sternburg cells of Hodgkins Lymphoma
smudge cells
CLL
reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
aeur rods - AML
dark purple lesion on the skin n an HIV pt
Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)
temporal lobe encepahlitis
HSV-1
owl eye inclusions
CMV
intranuclear eosinophlic droplet
type A cowdry bodies (HSS, VZV, CMV)
asplastic anemia in a sickle cell pt
parvo B19
child with fever and “slapped cheek” rash on the face
parvo B19
fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivits, and diffuse rash
rubeola virus (measles)
small irregular, glue-gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red
koplik spots (measles)
tx for CMV
gancyclovir
MC opporunistic inf in HIV pts
PCP
prevention of PCP
TMP-SMX
tx for oral candidiasis
nystatin, fluconazole
MC opp inf in HIV
PCP
tx for systemic candidiasis
fluconazol, ampho B, echinocandin
tx for sprothrux schenckii
itraconazole, potassium iodide
ring-enhancing brain lesion in an HIV pt
toxo
tx for trichomoas
metro (pt and partner)
MC protozoal diarrhea
giardia