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Step 1 > DIT - Rapid Fire Facts > Flashcards

DIT - Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards

1
Q

newborn with arm paralysis following difficult labor

A

Erb-Duchenne Palsy - C5 and C6 nerve root lesion

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2
Q

amyloid deposits in the gray matter of the brain

A

senile plaques - Alzheimer’s

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3
Q

drooling farmer

A

organophosphate poisoning

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4
Q

medical tx for pheochromocytoma

A

alpha antagonist (phenoxybenzamine)

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5
Q

selective alpha1-antagonist used to tx BPH

A

tamsulosin

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6
Q

bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur

A

aortic regurg

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7
Q

strawberry cervix

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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8
Q

clue cells

A

gardnerella vaginalis

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9
Q

bacteria with “school of fish” appearance

A

h. deucreyi

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10
Q

dark purple nodules on the skin of HIV pt

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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11
Q

large cells with “owl’s eye” inclusion

A

CMV

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12
Q

treatment for CMV

A

gancyclovir

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13
Q

MC opportunistic inf for HIV

A

PCP

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14
Q

PCP prophylaxis

A

when CD4 is less than 200

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15
Q

boy with self-mutilation behavior, intellectual disability, and gout

A

lesch-nyhan syndrome

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16
Q

orotic acid in urine, elevated serum ammonium

A

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

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17
Q

orotic acid in urine, normal serum ammonia, magaloblastic anemia that doesn’t correct with B12 or folate

A

orotic aciduria

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18
Q

MC benign tumor in women

A

leiomyoma

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19
Q

“chocolat cyst” of the ovary

A

endometriosis

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20
Q

“powder burn” lesions

A

endometriosis

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21
Q

eczema, recurrent cold abcesses, high serum IgE

A

hyper IgE syndrome ( aka Job dz)

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22
Q

large phagosomal vesicles in neutrophils

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

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23
Q

lung ca ass’d with SIADH

A

SCLC > ADH

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24
Q

tumor ass’d with Hornden syndrome

A

pancoast tumor

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25
Q

lung ca ass’d with hypercalcemia

A

Sqamous Cell LC > inc PTHrP

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26
Q

lung ca ass’d with weakness

A

SCLC > Lambert Eaton synd

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27
Q

substances ass’d with lung ca

A

tobacco, radon, silica, asbestos

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28
Q

dysphagia, glossitis, Fe def anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

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29
Q

hematemesis with reching

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

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30
Q

bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis

A

paget’s dz of the bone

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31
Q

vertebral compression fractures

A

osteoporosis

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32
Q

MCC of neural tube defects

A

folate def

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33
Q

MC preventable cause of congenital malformations in the US

A

etoh use during pregnancy

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34
Q

hyperfleible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation

A

Marfan’s

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35
Q

hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss

A

Alport’s

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36
Q

“worst HA of my life”

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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37
Q

lucid interval following head trauma

A

epidural hematoma

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38
Q

bloody CSF on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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39
Q

MCC of subdural hematoma

A

rupture of bridging veins

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40
Q

MCC of epidural hematoma

A

rupture of MMA

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41
Q

crescent shaped bleed on imaging

A

subdural hematoma

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42
Q

lens shaped bleed on imaging

A

epidural hematoma

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43
Q

MCC of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

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44
Q

intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorlated tau protein

A

Alzheimer’s

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45
Q

2nd MCC of dementia

A

vascular

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46
Q

intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain

A

frontotemporal dementia (Pick dz)

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47
Q

continuous, machine-like heart murmur

A

PDA

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48
Q

boot-shaped heart in an infant

A

TOF

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49
Q

rib notching

A

coarc

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50
Q

MC congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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51
Q

MC congenital cause of early cyanosis

A

TOF

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52
Q

positive anterior drawer sign

A

ACL injury

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53
Q

tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox

A

scaphoid fx

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54
Q

swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

OA

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55
Q

swollen, boggy, painful finger joints

A

RA

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56
Q

cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath

A

eburnation in OA

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57
Q

swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint

A

gout

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58
Q

positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals

A

pseudogout

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59
Q

negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals

A

gout

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60
Q

bamboo spine on x-ray

A

anklosing spondylitis

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61
Q

HLA-B27

A

SNSAs

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62
Q

pencil-in-cup on x-ray of finger

A

psoriatic arthritis

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63
Q

anti-smith and anti-dsDNA abs

A

SLE

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64
Q

anti-histone abs

A

drug-induced SLE

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65
Q

anti-centromere abs

A

CREST

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66
Q

anti-Jo-1 abs

A

diffuse scleroderma

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67
Q

anti-Ro abs

A

Sjogren’s

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68
Q

arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes

A

Sjogren’s

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69
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

sq cell ca

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70
Q

MC malignant skin tumor

A

basal cell ca

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71
Q

main artery of the pelvis

A

internal iliac

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72
Q

main nerve of the pelvis

A

pudendal

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73
Q

“bag of worms” scrotum

A

varicocele (MC on L side)

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74
Q

testicular ca first mets to which LNs

A

paraaortic

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75
Q

MC cancer in M

A

prostate

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76
Q

MCC of urinary obst in M

A

BPH

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77
Q

MC tx of ED

A

PDE inhibitors (sildenafil)

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78
Q

hepatic adenoma

A

OCP use

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79
Q

“grape-like” vaginal tumor

A

sarcoma botyidues

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80
Q

koliocytes

A

HPV inf

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81
Q

MCC of infetility in W

A

PCOS

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82
Q

midcycle pelvic pain ass’d with ovulation

A

mittleschmertz

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83
Q

ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax

A

Meigs syndrome: ovarian fibromas

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84
Q

teratoma > hyperTSH

A

Struma ovarii

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85
Q

“snowstorm” appearance on US

A

hydatiform mole

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86
Q

MCC of genetic intelectular disability

A

tri 21

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87
Q

2nd MC genetic cause of intellectual disability

A

fragile X: inheritance is X-linked dominant

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88
Q

horseshoe kidney, congential heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma

A

turner’s syndrome

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89
Q

rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw

A

tri 18 (Edwards)

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90
Q

MC ca in W in US

A

breast cancer

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91
Q

MC b9 breast tumor

A

fibroadenoma

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92
Q

MC malignant breast tumor

A

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

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93
Q

blue domed cyst in the breast

A

fibrocystic change

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94
Q

tx for ER positive BC

A

tamoxifen

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95
Q

red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple

A

pagets dz of the breast

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96
Q

std tx for T pallidum

A

penicillin

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97
Q

cellulitis from dog or cat bite

A

pasturella

98
Q

non-painful, indurated ulcerated genital lesion

A

chancre (1* syphilis)

99
Q

moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion

A

condylomata lata (2* syphilis)

100
Q

large bull’s-eye rash

A

erythema migrans (lyme)

101
Q

can cause a false positive VRDL screen

A

Viral infections (EBV), Drugs (an IVDU), Rheumatic fever, Lupus (and any other autoimmune dz) and Leprosy, Pregnancy

102
Q

ass’d with ghon focus or ghon complex + hilar LAD

A

primary TB

103
Q

ass’d with lung infiltrate in apical posterior segments or upper lobes

A

reactivated TB

104
Q

std initial tx regimen for Tb

A

rifampin, INH, pyrazidamide, ethambutol

105
Q

TB drug causing peripheral neuropathy + how to prevent it

A

INH, give pyridoxine (B6)

106
Q

TB drug causing body fluids to turn red/orange

A

rifampin

107
Q

TB drug causing red green colorblindness

A

ethambutol

108
Q

+ Ham’s test

A

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

109
Q

tx fro absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

110
Q

tx for eclampsia

A

MgSO

111
Q

tx of status epilepticus

A

benzodiazepines - diazepam, lamotrigine

112
Q

causes fetal hydantoin syndrome

A

phenytoin

113
Q

conjugate lateral gaze palsy with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze

A

INO

114
Q

degeneration of the dorsal columns

A

tabes dorsalis

115
Q

demylinating dz in a young woman

A

MS

116
Q

mixed UMN & LMN diseae

A

ALS

117
Q

toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument

A

babinski reflex

118
Q

dysphagia, glossitis, Fe def anemia

A

plummer-vinson synd

119
Q

hematemesis with retching

A

mallory-weiss tear

120
Q

signet rings cells are seen in these two pathologies

A

gastric adenocarcinoma, LCIS of the breast

121
Q

mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus

A

signit ring cell

122
Q

MC type of stomach cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

123
Q

ovarian mets from gastric cancer

A

krukenberg tumor

124
Q

gastric ulcerations and high gastrin level

A

Zolinger-Elson syndrome

125
Q

acute gastric ulcer ass’d with elevated ICP or head trauma

A

cushing ulcer

126
Q

acute gastric ulcer ass’d with severe burns

A

curling ulcer

127
Q

GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands

A

peutz-jeghers syndrome

128
Q

multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors

A

Gardner syndrome

129
Q

“apple core” lesion on barium enema

A

colon cancer

130
Q

MC site of colonic diverticula

A

sigmoid colon

131
Q

“string sign” on contrast x-ray

A

Crohn’s dz

132
Q

“lead pipe” appearance on colon contrast x-ray

A

UC

133
Q

painless jaundice

A

pancreatic cancer (esp in head)

134
Q

MCC of acute pancreatitis

A

gallstones, etoh

135
Q

MCC of chronic pancreatitis

A

chronic etoh use

136
Q

severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate

A

Crigler-Najjar

137
Q

mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia

A

Gilbert syndrome

138
Q

triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes

A

fatty-liver dz

139
Q

eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes

A

Mallory bodies

140
Q

cancer closely linked to chirrosis

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

141
Q

hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

142
Q

green/yellow corneal deposits

A

Wilson Disease

143
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson Disease

144
Q

Cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperpigmentation

A

Hemachromatosis

145
Q

chronic sinusitis, infertility, and situs inversus

A

kartageners syndrome

146
Q

elevated d-dimer

A

PE, DVT

147
Q

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood

A

Virchow’s triad

148
Q

blue bloater

A

chronic bronchitis - hypoxemia, hypercapnia

149
Q

pink puffer

A

emphysema - dyspnea, hyperventilation

150
Q

curchmann spirals

A

asthma - whorled mucous plugs w/ shed epi

151
Q

b/l hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

sarcoid

152
Q

anti-GBM Abs

A

goodpasture

153
Q

honeycomb lung on x-ray

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

154
Q

“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles

A

Bierbeck granules (LCH)

155
Q

Fe-containing nodules in the alveolar septum

A

asbestosis

156
Q

chest pain, pericardial friction rub, persisten fever occurring several weeks after an MI

A

Dressler’s syndrome

157
Q

splinter hemorrhages under the finger nails

A

infective endocarditis

158
Q

retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

roth sports

159
Q

hear valve MC involved in inf endocarditis

A

mitral

160
Q

heart valve MC involved in an IVDU with inf endocarditis

A

tricuspid

161
Q

granulomatou nodules in the heart

A

aschoff bodies

162
Q

MC primary cardiac tumor in adults

A

L atrial myxoma

163
Q

MC primary cardiac tumor in kids

A

rhabdomyoma

164
Q

MCC of const pericarditis

A

US: SLE, developing countries: TB

165
Q

c-anca

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis

166
Q

p-anca

A

churg strauss, microscopic polyangiitis

167
Q

tx for thrombangiitis obliterans

A

smoking cessation

168
Q

tx for giant cell arteritis

A

high dose corticosteroids

169
Q

MC class of meds for bulimia nervosa

A

SSRI

170
Q

medical treatment for alcohol withdraw

A

benzos

171
Q

most effective tx for alcohol abuse

A

AA

172
Q

atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

wernicke encephaopathy

173
Q

MC med for ADHA

A

methylphenidate

174
Q

tx for central DI

A

desmopressin

175
Q

tx for neprhogenic DI

A

HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride

176
Q

tx for LI-induces neprhrogenic DI

A

amiloride

177
Q

bluish-colored lines on the gingivae

A

lead poisoning

178
Q

tx of choice for rickets or osteomalacia

A

vitamin D

179
Q

swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, and spots on the skin

A

scurvy

180
Q

MC vitamin def in the US

A

folate

181
Q

hypersegmented NP

A

megaloblastic > B9 or B12

182
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy

A

wet beri beri

183
Q

MCC of hypercalcemia

A

primary hyperPTH

184
Q

MCC of primary hyperPTH

A

parathyroid adenoma

185
Q

MCC of secondary hyperPTH

A

chronic renal failure

186
Q

MCC of hypoPTH

A

accidental removal

187
Q

facial mm spasm with tapping of cheek

A

chvostek sign

188
Q

parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors

A

MEN1

189
Q

MC thyroid cancer

A

papillary

190
Q

enlarged thyroid e/ ground glass nuceli

A

papillary thyroic ca

191
Q

cold intolerance

A

hypothyroid

192
Q

MC tumor of the adrenal

A

benign, nonsecretic

193
Q

MC tumor of the adrenal medulla - adults

A

pheocromocytoma

194
Q

MC tumor of the adrenal medulla - children

A

neuroblastoma

195
Q

tx for peho (meds)

A

nonselective alpha blocker

196
Q

pheo, medullary thyroid ca, hyperPTH

A

MEN2A

197
Q

pheo, medullary thyroic ca, mucosal neuroma

A

MEN2B

198
Q

MCC of primary hyperaldosteronism

A

adrenal adenoma

199
Q

tx for hyperaldosteronism

A

spironolactone

200
Q

adrenal dz ass’d with skin hyperpigmentation

A

addison

201
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

conn syndrome

202
Q

MCCs of Cushings (4)

A

exogenous steroids, ectopic ACTH (SCLC), ACTH secreting tumor, adrenal tumor making cortisol

203
Q

inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance

A

sheehand syndrome

204
Q

infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopia

A

prolactinoma

205
Q

preferred anticoag for immediate anticogaulation

A

heparin or LMWH

206
Q

preferred anticoag for LT anticoagulation

A

warfarin

207
Q

preferred anticoag during pregnancy

A

heparin or LMWH

208
Q

causes of hypochomic, microcytic anemia (4)

A

iron def, thalassemia, Fe poisoning, ACD

209
Q

skull xray shows “hair-on-end” appearance

A

beta-thal or Hb-SS

210
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Fe poisoning

211
Q

painful cyanosis of the finger and toes with hemolytic anemia

A

cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

212
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

213
Q

autosplenectomy

A

HbSS

214
Q

drus used to tx HbSS

A

hydroxyuria

215
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

ITP

216
Q

bleeding disoder with Gp1b def

A

bernard-soulier

217
Q

MC inherited bleeding disorder

A

vWb dz

218
Q

cancer MCly ass’d with non-infectious fever

A

hodgkin’s lymphoma

219
Q

sheets of lymphoid cells, “starry sky” appearance

A

Burkitt lymphoma

220
Q

large b cells with bi-lobed nuclei and prominent “owl-eye” inclusion

A

Reid-Sternburg cells of Hodgkins Lymphoma

221
Q

smudge cells

A

CLL

222
Q

reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts

A

aeur rods - AML

223
Q

dark purple lesion on the skin n an HIV pt

A

Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)

224
Q

temporal lobe encepahlitis

A

HSV-1

225
Q

owl eye inclusions

A

CMV

226
Q

intranuclear eosinophlic droplet

A

type A cowdry bodies (HSS, VZV, CMV)

227
Q

asplastic anemia in a sickle cell pt

A

parvo B19

228
Q

child with fever and “slapped cheek” rash on the face

A

parvo B19

229
Q

fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivits, and diffuse rash

A

rubeola virus (measles)

230
Q

small irregular, glue-gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red

A

koplik spots (measles)

231
Q

tx for CMV

A

gancyclovir

232
Q

MC opporunistic inf in HIV pts

A

PCP

233
Q

prevention of PCP

A

TMP-SMX

234
Q

tx for oral candidiasis

A

nystatin, fluconazole

235
Q

MC opp inf in HIV

A

PCP

236
Q

tx for systemic candidiasis

A

fluconazol, ampho B, echinocandin

237
Q

tx for sprothrux schenckii

A

itraconazole, potassium iodide

238
Q

ring-enhancing brain lesion in an HIV pt

A

toxo

239
Q

tx for trichomoas

A

metro (pt and partner)

240
Q

MC protozoal diarrhea

A

giardia

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