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Captain Test > Fire Tactics > Flashcards

Fire Tactics Flashcards

1
Q

Lightweight steel trusses are also known as

A

Bar joists

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2
Q

What should be the maximum submergence time allowed during

a team search when a 30-minute SCBA is being used?

A

20 minutes

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3
Q

What is the first thing that is needed to search a

premises to maximize the likelihood of finding victims?

A

Have a plan

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4
Q

When was the Triangle Shirt Waist Fire and how many died

A

1911

146

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5
Q

How far past the end of the door will the fork end of the
tool need to be pushed before opening the door will be
possible during forcible entry operations?

A

1-2 inches

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6
Q

What has been found to be the culprit in wind-driven

fires?

A

Air movement in the building

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7
Q

The best scrub area for rear-mounted devices is obtained by

A

Backing into postion

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8
Q

What is the minimum length the tag line should be during a

T-pattern search?

A

Half the narrowes dimension of the space to be searched

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9
Q

Flat roofs are generally found on

A

Larger buildings such as stores, factories, schools, and apartment buildings

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10
Q

Buildings built from what decade on should it be assumed

are built with lightweight techniques?

A

1970s

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11
Q

What was the worst terrorist attack in the United States

since 9/11?

A

Las Vegas Shooting

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12
Q

After what year did a bulk of firefighter safety research begin

A

1998

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13
Q

Buildings above what height will many times be required to

be built of Class 1 construction?

A

6 stories

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14
Q

What is probably the greatest danger to firefighters engaged in roof ventilation is what

A

The fellow firefighter

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15
Q

How many more times FF fatalities have happened in places of worship than in residential

A

6 times

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16
Q

What should always be brought to the roof during

ventilation in case the power saw fails?

A

Pick head axe

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17
Q

What frequency must any occupancy that is subject to CADS hazard display be inspected at a minimum

A

Annually

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18
Q

Conventional forcible entry is often called the what method

A

Brute force method

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19
Q

Beginning around what date will stores be packed with stock and customers

A

Ocrober 1

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20
Q

To breach an inward swinging door where should the fork end of the tool be placed

A

6 inches above or below the lock

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21
Q

How far back from a door/window should you stand for hydraulic ventilation and what degree fog

A

6-8 feet, 30 degree fog pattern

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22
Q

Metal deck roofs can fail how soon

A

As little as 5 minutes

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23
Q

How frequently should you conduct a precautionary stop the

elevator car during the ascent?

A

Every 5 floors

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24
Q

Kerf Cut is

A

An inspection cut the width of the blade

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25
Q

How much of its strength has the steel in the cylinder

lost when it is heated to 1,500^F?

A

1/2

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26
Q

What fire-resistance rating is present in the walls of the ordinary construction building

A

2 hours

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27
Q

Before conducting a search you should:

A

Gather as much information as possible regarding victims

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28
Q

What flow is recommended by the NFPA for each 100 square feet of fire area when there is a light fire load of ordinary combustibles and the area has not been vented

A

10 gpm

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29
Q

Which World Trade Center Building collapsed besides WTC 1&2

A

WTC 7

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30
Q

4 lengths of 2 1/2 inch flowing 250 gpm requires what psi at the outlet valve

A

75psi

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31
Q

What is the basic sequence of events on a fire ground

A

Size up
Locate
Confine
Extinguish

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32
Q

Where should the ladder be secured if it needs to be left

unattended?

A

Tip

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33
Q

What is the proper climbing angle for a portable ladder

A

70 degrees

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34
Q

What are the 5 general principles of firefighting

A
  1. When sufficient personnel are not available to effect both rescue and extinguishment at the same time, rescue must be given priority
  2. When you don’t have sufficient personnel to perform all of the needed tasks, first perform those that protect the greatest number of human lives.
  3. Remove those in greatest danger first
  4. When sufficient personnel are available to perform both functions, they must carry out a coordinated fire attack
  5. When there is no threat to occupants, the lives of firefighters should not be unduly endangered
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35
Q

What is the first sense FFs should use when overhauling

A

Common sense otherwise sight

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36
Q

Most normal locking devices have a key cylinder located about how far from the edge of the door

A

1-3 inches

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37
Q

What is at times mixed with natural gas to create “peak

shaving gas”?

A

Propane

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38
Q

Residential buildings can be an estimated how many feet per floor, plus how much for the windowsill

A

9 feet plus 3 for the window sill

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39
Q

How much distance usually separates each door on the floor
from the door to the other staircase with scissor stairs
in the fireproof multiple dwelling?

A

20 feet

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40
Q

Nearly what percent of all civilian fire deaths occur in residential buildings each year

A

80%

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41
Q

What is the maximum pressure permitted per NFPA 14 on the

2 1/2-inch supply line on a Class III standpipe system?

A

175psi

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42
Q

What is the air pressure on the top part of the clapper

valve in most dry-pipe systems?

A

30-40psi, hold back up to 100 psi

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43
Q

What is it believed that caused the collapse of number 1

and 2 WTC?

A

Interior finish and furnishing burning

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44
Q

What minimum height above the windowsill should the ladder
rung being used to pass the rope over when lifting an
unconscious firefighter from a window using a ladder and
rope as a high-point anchor?

A

4 feet

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45
Q

What is the single most important item of a ladder

A

Its length

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46
Q

Relief valves and other pressure control devices are required to ensure that the maximum pressure at the top-floor outlets is no more than what for 1 1/2 outlet

A

Pre 1993: 65 psi

Post 1993: 100 psi

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47
Q

What must be determined first when calculating the maximum

flow a given supply hoseline arrangement will sustain?

A

Available flow pressure

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48
Q

Hose streams on a trench cut can only be used if what

A

Interior forces have been removed

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49
Q

Which is the most versatile, most highly maneuverable

master stream on the fireground today?

A

Tower ladder

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50
Q

Which fire department was the first to prove the
usefulness of positive-pressure ventilation concept on
structures other than high-rises?

A

Los Angeles Fire Department

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51
Q

Area of refuge in a hallway must be where

A

Same side of the hall as the fire apartment

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52
Q

What is the usual design flow for the Class II standpipe

system?

A

100 psi

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53
Q

What is the key to success in operating on a rain roof

A

The team recognizing the presence of it

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54
Q

The degree of damage created by forcible entry should be consistent with

A

The danger and damage from the hazard

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55
Q

What should be the minimum collapse zone be at the end
walls that have rafters resting on a truss and bearing on
a wall?

A

2 1/2 times the height of the wall

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56
Q

Which type of buildings are considered the least stable in of collapse when exposed to fire

A

Noncombustible

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57
Q

One of the key criteria for keeping firefighters alive is to know

A

Where they are on the Fireground

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58
Q

What is a common hurricane window formulation

A

Glass sandwiched around a polycarbonate plastic such as lexan

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59
Q

After what amount of time did 7 WTC suddenly collapse in

pancake fashion?

A

7 hours

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60
Q

What size pipe is the main drain valve usually on the

sprinkler system?

A

2 inch

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61
Q

What tool is required when forcing HUD windows installed

by Vacant Property Security, LLC?

A

Metal cutting saw

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62
Q

NFPA 14 permits upto what psi at 2 1/2 outlets

A

100-175psi

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63
Q

Up to what amount of time should a firefighter be able to
place an ungloved hand on a surface which would indicate
that the area does not need to be opened up during
overhaul operations?

A

15-20 seconds

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64
Q

Rain roof is

A

A new roof built on top of the old roof due to porous during rain

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65
Q

What percent of residential doors open inward

A

99 percent

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66
Q

What year, where, and what went wrong at the One Meridian Plaza Fire

A

1991
Philadelphia
Horrible highrise fire where 3 FFs died due to standpipe system failure because of improperly adjusted pressure-regulating valves

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67
Q

How many different means does the Halligan provide of getting a bite on the work

A

4

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68
Q

What is the floor to floor estimate in commercial structures

A

12 feet

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69
Q

What is the minimum distance around the LPG cylinder that
everyone should be cleared when flame impingement is
occurring?

A

150 feet

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70
Q

Scrub area is what

A

The amount of surface area that may be physically touched by an aerial device

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71
Q

What action should any extreme weather condition prompt at the incident scene

A

Call for more resources

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72
Q

In which type of construction will the construction elements withstand the effects of fire for a limited time and prevent its spread

A

Fire Resistive

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73
Q

What is the most common vertical artery in the multiple

story building for vertical ventilation operations?

A

Staircase

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74
Q

What are 2 critical targets for our search efforts

A

Bedrooms and exit paths from the bedrooms

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75
Q

Who should be responsible for interviewing witnesses and
victims about what they saw before and during the
radiological event?

A

Police officers

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76
Q

What should be developed as part of each firefighters size-up for survival

A

Hazard awareness

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77
Q

During PPV, the fan should be how far away from the structure

A

8-12 feet

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78
Q

How many times more FF fatalities have been in factories than residential

A

10 times more

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79
Q

Which consideration will probably have the greatest effect

on the fire when putting a line into operation?

A

Ultimate destination

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80
Q

Who is responsible for maintaining the resources needed to

keep the attack moving during a high-rise fire?

A

Staging officer

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81
Q

What is the key factor in determining how much of the cut is
made before pulling of the roof material begins during
roof ventilation operations?

A

Wind direction

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82
Q

What two emergency maneuvers should be taught for SCBA

A

Reduced-profile and emergency escape

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83
Q

What is the maximum distance above the roof that a
spinning blade or chain should be allowed during roof
ventilation operations?

A

6 inches

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84
Q

Overhaul comes in two phases

A

Precontrol and post control

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85
Q

Up to what proportion does the LPG vapor mix with air to

produce an explosive gas-air mixture?

A

47:1

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86
Q

How many more times air can PPV fans move than NPV fans?

A

Twice the volume

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87
Q

According to the NFPA, how many firefighters died while operating inside at structure fires between 2000-2017

A

249

88
Q

The secondary search is often combined with what

A

The post control overhaul phase

89
Q

What year was the one New York plaza fire and how far did the medium-weight building’s for sag

A

1970, 18 inches

90
Q

Where does NFPA recommend that hose intended for occupant

use be located with the standpipe system?

A

Outside the stairwell on the fire floor

91
Q

What is often the first action taken on entry into a fire building

A

Search

92
Q

Civilians with light clothing will often appear what in a TIC

A

Light colored as their body heat is visible

93
Q

What size hole should result when creating an inspection

hole in the roof?

A

8-10 inch

94
Q

Modern plastic fuel loads almost guarantee that the fire will be in what state upon arrival

A

Oxygen-limited

95
Q

When making a primary search of the fire area it is usually best to search where first

A

As close to the seat of the fire as is safe

96
Q

Two major problems with trusses

A

Lack of mass and connectors

97
Q

Is it normal for an inverted roof to have a springy feel to it

A

Yes

98
Q

Anytime one member of a team must leave an area:

A

Another member must accompany that person to safety

99
Q

What does the pressure of water depend upon in an open

container?

A

Depth of the container

100
Q

What design load has been selected for most ladders?

A

750 pounds

101
Q

How many lengths of 50-foot hose are needed when
connecting to a standpipe system in a building under NFPA
14 post-1993?

A

4

102
Q

What is likely to happen to the smoke when a ventilation
opening is made if the fire is on an upper floor and the
outside temperature is high?

A

Drawn into the building

103
Q

At what height is the standpipe outlet valve generally

located?

A

Head

104
Q

How much distance usually separates each door on the floor
from the door to the other staircase with scissor stairs
in the fireproof multiple dwelling?

A

20 feet

105
Q

What is the best way to breach a hurricane window

A

Circular saw with a carbide tip blade

106
Q

What is generally the fire-resistance rating required for

elevators?

A

2 hours

107
Q

What used to be in manufactured gas that made it toxic?

A

Carbon monoxide

108
Q

What is used to determine the scrub area of the

articulating boom?

A

Length of the bed section

109
Q

When did the FDNY begin to experience firefighters burning

to death during incidents?

A

1990

110
Q

How far apart are studs of a partition wall

A

16 inches on center

111
Q

How many psi does water pressure increase for every 2.3

feet of depth?

A

1 psi

112
Q

Sprinklers have controlled or extinguished the fire what

percent of the time?

A

More than 96% of the time

113
Q

What speed must the wind not exceed for PPV fans to be

able to pressurize the attack staircase?

A

25 mph

114
Q

What is the maximum recommended discharge pressure for LDH

per NFPA 1932?

A

200 psi

115
Q

Immediately upon reaching the roof members should what

A

Vent any vertical shafts they find

116
Q

Fire in which area of the building generally yields a more serious hazard

A

Lower in the building

117
Q

What is the best position for maximum scrub area for an aerial device

A

As close to the building as possible with the basket in line with the window, with the apparatus just off parallel (15-20 degrees) to the objective

118
Q

What is the cut depth of a typical 12-inch circular saw blade

A

4 inches

119
Q

What happened at the San Francisco fatal fire

A

Wall of windows in the basement failed causing an influx of air and intensifying the fire up the stairwell where the firefighters were

120
Q

From 2011 to 2015 how many firefighters did we lose for every 100,000 in factories

A

28 for every 100,000

121
Q

Which type of pressure can be observed when you open a

hydrant?

A

Flowing

122
Q

In what year did FDNY begin using various types of TICs?

A

1985

123
Q

What is the first thing that should be decided when

constructing an operational plan for ladder companies?

A

Number of people that will be part of the plan

124
Q

What year was NFPA 14 (standpipe and hosesystems) updated

A

1993

125
Q

Which is a particularly dangerous issue for firefighters
when allowances are given by building codes when an
automatic sprinkler system is installed with new
construction?

A

Increased travel distance to exits

126
Q

How many major types of locks will be encountered by the

fire service?

A

Three

127
Q

A 1,000 gpm master stream adds approximately how much weight to the building

A

8500 pounds each minute

128
Q

What should be suspected by the firefighters if there is
dimming of the lights or overheating of the building’s
electrical service wires?

A

Open ground

129
Q

What was the main cause of the disaster at the Vendome

Hotel in Boston?

A

Renovations

130
Q

Where should you position the aerial apparatus if there

are no specific requirements visible when you arrive?

A

Just past the corner of the building you approached first

131
Q

What date was black Sunday and how many firefighters were trapped

A

January 23, 2005

6 firefighters

132
Q

Mushrooming effect is

A

When smoke is restrained from rising and spreads horizontally then banks down

133
Q

What is the most crucial part of a personal escape system

A

The rope

134
Q

What is the minimum depth that must be cut when removing

the VPS system HUD window?

A

3 inches

135
Q

Which aerial device is designed around an aerial ladder

and provides for ready climbing?

A

Ladder tower

136
Q

In which construction type will the walls, partitions, columns, floors, and roofs are non combustible but will not prevent the spread of fire

A

Noncombustible

137
Q

What is the maximum amount of time that should pass

between maintenance and flow testing of the PRVs?

A

3 years

138
Q

How many rungs of the aerial ladder should be extended above the level of the roof

A

5 rungs

139
Q

When does size-up begin

A

With the alarm information

140
Q

What percent of fire victims dies while trying to escape

per NFPA data?

A

35%

141
Q

Fire Service is steeped in traditions going back to when

A

1736 Philadelphia

142
Q

How should the roof on flat roof commercial structures be reached

A

Ladder or platform, never interior stairs

143
Q

At what wind speed does the threat of a wind-driven fire

increase?

A

10-15 mph

144
Q

What should be vented first when you encounter a flat roof

building?

A

Stairs and windows

145
Q

Which stage of firefighting produces the most carbon monoxide

A

Overhauling

146
Q

What pressure is 1 ATM

A

14.7 PSI

147
Q

When were high-rise buildings being equipped with
combination sprinkler and standpipe systems due to many
serious fires?

A

Early 1970’s

148
Q

In what minimum amount of time can lightweight steel-bar

joists lose their strength when exposed to fire?

A

5-10 minutes

149
Q

What part of the victim needs to clear the windowsill
before being lowered to the ground by the members below
when using a ladder and rope as a high-point anchor?

A

Torso

150
Q

Two main reasons for venting are

A

Venting for fire, venting for life

151
Q

About what distance from the main vent hole is considered
to be sufficient when choosing where to place the trench
cut?

A

20-25 feet

152
Q

How far in front of the intended edge of the trench should

inspection holes be placed?

A

5-6 ft

153
Q

Once the fire is above which floor in the building will

the use of the standpipe be preferred?

A

2nd

154
Q

When was the lesson learned in America that responders are

targets of the terrorists?

A

1996

155
Q

What percent of civilian fire deaths occurred while the victims are asleep

A

36%

156
Q

Gases flow from areas of ______ pressure to areas of _______ pressure

A

High, low

157
Q

What is an officer’s primary duty

A

Protect their people

158
Q

What building burned but didn’t collapse on 9/11 due to being a heavy-weight highrise

A

90 west street

159
Q

If possible which door should be used for entry

A

The door that occupants normally use

160
Q

If there is more than one lock where should the fork be placed

A

Between

161
Q

When distinguishing between venting for life and venting for fire, the key factor is:

A

The timing of the ventilation

162
Q

What must be removed for the trench cut to be effective?

A

Roof and ceiling

163
Q

Firefighters often look what in a TIC, and often the SCBA bottle appears what in the TIC

A

Dark, Black bottle

164
Q

What should be done before connecting fire department hose to any standpipe connection

A

Probe inside the connection

165
Q

Which should be the overriding concern during forcible

entry?

A

Need for speed

166
Q

What two classes of supporting members will virtually any building and or occupancy have

A

Standard or lightweight

167
Q

What should be done if you will be overextended

horizontally while working from the ladder?

A

Reposition the ladder

168
Q

What is the minimum width that the trench cut should be

made?

A

3 feet

169
Q

Distance from power lines for all aerial devices

A

10 feet

170
Q

What is the fourth and least used sense

A

Smell

171
Q

At what distance are knots typically tied in the search

rope?

A

25 feet

172
Q

What size hole would open up with the failure of one truss

in a bowstring truss building?

A

40 ft

173
Q

It is usually better to _____ an existing ventilation cut than it is to ______

A

Extend, start a new one

174
Q

If you see hinges:

A

The door opens out towards you

175
Q

Bevel of the Halligan should face which way when forcing an inward swinging door

A

Toward the door, its a force multiplier

176
Q

Which lock is often installed in masonry walls and is one
of the most difficult forcible entry challenges you could
ever encounter?

A

Mul-T-Lock

177
Q

Approximately what amount of time must pass before the
poured-in-place reinforced concrete building can support
its own weight?

A

48 hours

178
Q

What is one of the biggest problems at fires in the

sandwich apartments?

A

Large number of tenants fleeing

179
Q

What CO reading is considered acceptable for a residence?

A

9 ppm

180
Q

What must be controlled to win the battle between fire and

firefighter?

A

Oxygen

181
Q

What is the minimum recommended size SCBA cylinder that

should be donned during subcellar operations?

A

45 minutes

182
Q

What is the amount of electricity that a wire is carrying?

A

Amperage

183
Q

What should be done if auxiliary equipment is found

inoperable at a fire scene?

A

Call an additional alarm

184
Q

When searching the floor above, it is often best to start where

A

As soon as you enter the door area and progress towards the fire

185
Q

When entangled while wearing an SCBA, where is the entanglement usually at

A

Between the cylinder and the wearer’s back

186
Q

What is rule number 1 with forcible entry

A

Try before you pry

187
Q

Acronym for size up of a fire

A

COAL WAS WEALTH

188
Q

Approximately how many days does it take concrete to reach

its greatest load-carrying capacity?

A

28 days

189
Q

Where does the greateast fire-related loss of civilian life each year occur

A

One- and two-family dwellings

190
Q

In which occupancy are the greatest number of fire fighter fatalities occurring

A

Factories

191
Q

Most people that become aware of a fire will attempt to flee

A

Via their normal path of egress

192
Q

Which part of the locking mechanism needs to be gotten out

of the way to perform through-the-lock forcible entry?

A

Cylinder

193
Q

A large portion of doors for commercial establishments and places of assembly open which way

A

Outward

194
Q

What temperature will the label on a ladder change color

A

300 degrees

195
Q

Nearly what percent of all civilian fire deaths occur in

residential buildings each year?

A

80 percent

196
Q

How long after the first evaluation should a wall be

rechecked during overhaul operations?

A

2 minutes

197
Q

What occurred at the San Francisco fire in 2011 which
killed two firefighter that allowed an influx of fresh air
right at the seat of the fire?

A

Failure of a wall of floor-to-ceiling windows in the

basement

198
Q

What degree angle should a Halligan be inserted into an inward swinging door jam

A

15-20 degrees

199
Q

Make every attempt to have the two people forcing a door with a set of irons to work on which sides

A

Opposite sides of the irons

200
Q

What should be done if visibility on the roof is

completely obscured but the saw operator must move?

A

Drop and crawl

201
Q

What does COAL WAS WEALTH mean

A 
Size up acronym 
C-construction 
O-occupancy
A-apparatus and personnel
L- Life safety
W-water
A-auxiliary services
S-street conditions 
W-weather
E-exposures
A-area
L-location and extent of fire
T-Time
H- Height
202
Q

What is most likely going to be the nozzle pressure you
will have available, especially on the upper floors of a
building with standpipe operations?

A

50psi

203
Q

Inverted roof is

A

Similar to a standard flat roof except the roof is raised above joists on a framework of 2x4s

204
Q

What year and what happened the beacon street fire in boston

A

March 2014, window failed from an attached shed in the rear on fire of a brownstone building

205
Q

What must be done to force an entry door with the VPS
system in place that uses a skeleton key from the
exterior?

A

Cut the hinges

206
Q

How much does a 50 ft section of charged 1 3/4 hose weigh

A

80 pounds, 40 dry

207
Q

What was largely to blame when an automatic sprinkler

failed to control a fire?

A

Human Error

208
Q

What is the fuel load per square foot in most residential rooms

A

5 pounds

209
Q

Buildings above what height will many times be required to be built of class 1 construction

A

6 stories

210
Q

What fires are greatly aided by vertical ventilation

A

Fires in attics and cocklofts and floor directly below the roof

211
Q

What year and what happened at the Waldbaum’s supermarket fire

A

1978, 6 firefighters operating on a rain roof over a bowstring truss roof for an extended time due to not realizing it

212
Q

What is the first thing that should be done when a report

is received of a firefighter down on the incident scene?

A

Call for an ALS ambulance

213
Q

How many members are initially given the task of interior

operations under the Ladder 4 plan?

A

3

214
Q

In which type of construction is the minimum fire-resistance rating of the exterior walls 2 hours

A

Heavy Timber

215
Q

What is often the best method to protect exposures once a threat to them is identified

A

Extinguish the original fire

216
Q

When was the New York City’s Superpumper built that had a

capacity of 8,800 gpm?

A

1965

217
Q

Where does a majority of the friction loss within a hose

originate?

A

Turbulence in the stream

Captain Test (14 decks)

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