Building Construction Flashcards
What converts DC to AC current in a building from PV roof panels
an Inverter
What is it that ultimately puts out the fire?
GPM Delivered
Easily disintegrated construction elements for blast protection are called
Friable
The key to patient safety in hospitals is to move the patient ____ not ______
Horizontally
Vertically
What is the main source of fuel in a well-involved room
fire?
Content
Top and Bottom chords are parallel and used for roofs and floors
Parallel-chord truss
________ construction is sustainable construction
Green
At what nozzle pressure is the constant-gallonage usually
designed to deliver a specified gallonage?
100psi
Stairwell support operations firefighters should be staged
Every 2 floors to shuttle equipment
Wind load is an example of a _____ force
Flexural
Rapid oxidation reaction that produces heat and visible light
Fire
What is the key determinant of whether a compartment reaches flashover
Heat Release Rate
What specifies the load design for specific types of buildings
Building code
Corridors in hospitals and nursing homes are a minimum of
8 feet wide to accommodate width of rolling hospital beds
Pallet storage systems provide as much as ____ times the surface area as boxes stacked solid
36
Hospitals and nursing homes have what in common
They are both home to numerous non ambulatory people
Fire Safety issues are dealt with by ______ building and fire codes
Local
Structural steel is made of
Iron and carbon
A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member
Column
Made of wood, frames for poured concrete
Falsework/formwork
Unprotected steel rods and cables fail at _____
800 degrees
On average how many FF are killed annually in the line of duty
100
Most fire codes require a _________ and _________ at a factory
Hazardous materials management plan (HMMP, explains how the materials are to be safely used and stored)
Hazardous Materials inventory statement (HMIS, lists the materials present)
Fire Dept’s should regularly drill on
Evacuating a structure for collapse
Impact loads are
Loads delivered in a short time
All walls are inherently ______
Unstable
If a wall is being breached and is found to be stronger than normal:
Choose another spot, you’re probably under a concentrated load
Winds over _____ must be considered from a tactical standpoint
10-20mph
2 x 10 exposed solid wood joists last ____ minutes under fire
18
Who stated to take no risk for what is already lost?
Alan brunacini
Top and bottom members of a truss are called
Chords
What is the concentrated load rating given to all roof
surfaces subject to maintenance workers in the Building
Construction and Safety Code?
300 pounds
Prevents passengers from opening an elevator door between floors, activates _____ inches above or below the landing area
Door restrictor, 18 inches
As a rule of thumb, how many lengths of hose should be
stretched for each floor above or below the level that the
fire is on to avoid stretching short?
One
Wind on a highrise with a broken window on the leeward side can cause a
Suction effect
What is a beam that spans an opening in a masonry wall?
Lintel
Elevator operators should stop how many floors to check conditions
Every 5 floors
What makes a load-bearing wall more stable than a
non-load-bearing wall?
Super imposed load
At what ppm will CO be potentially fatal with one breath
12,500ppm
What does Chief Alan Brunacini say is the hardest thing to
do?
Put a firefighter in reverse
What are signs of a metal deck roof fire
Dripping tar
Blue Flames
What is Branniganism
Undress the building when analyzing how and where the fire will spread in the building
NFPA 5000
Building construction and safety code
Usual height limit of a garden style apartment is
3 stories, although 4 is becoming more common place
In the typical downtown business or commercial building, the side walls are typically the ______ walls whereas the front and back walls are typically _______
Load Bearing, non load-bearing
Diaphragm floors are
Designed to stiffen the highrise building against wind and lateral loads such as earthquakes
In which fire stage are most of the elements needed for a
successful indirect attack present?
Third
Warmer interior air to a cold exterior, smoke travels upwards through vertical shafts until it hits the neutral zone then travels out onto floors and pressurizes, spreading downward
Winter stack effect
How often are Fire Codes and building codes updated by NFPA and ICC
Every 3 years
Limits the size of any building based on the type of construction and occupancy group type
Building codes
What are the 2 types of elevators
Hydraulic piston and electric cable
Shear is
Occurs within a building member when opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions such as wind loads
Timber is _____ or more inches of nominal thickness
5
In international building code, building classifications are given ____ instead of names
Numbers
Taxpayers are
Early strip malls
How long is the ceiling-level attack performed during a
combination attack on a fire in the free-burning stage?
5-10 seconds
What are the 2 ways to carry the wall above an opening
Arches and beams (lintels)
Thermoplastics can produce
Flaming, dripping plastic which can produce secondary fires
_____ transfer dictates how a fire spreads
Heat transfer
Where should work be performed from when asked to clear
pooled water from a roof?
Ground ladder
3 most common gases in smoke
CO, hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide
Relates the hazards of the building and the type of occupants
Occupancy classification
What are 2 liquid particulates found in smoke
Acrolein and halogen acids
Where are the connections made when a suspended load is
being used?
Overhead area
What length frontage can a 75-foot (23-meter) elevated
platform cover if it is able to operate in front of the
building?
100 feet
What is the most prevalent of smoke gases
CO
Transfer loads from the structural element to another
Connections
Steel rebar added to concrete at points where tensile stresses develops creates
Composite material
What is a beam that supports other beams?
Girder
In a collapse, most of the victims will be where at a concrete construction site
On top of the false work
Overhanging beam projects beyond its support but not as far as a _____
Cantilever
Traditional sprinkler systems have an inability to respond and control a fire more than ______ feet below the sprinkler
150
Correct language not only conveys the characteristics of the building but also the ______
Hazards
By code definition, ordinary construction buildings are:
Non-fire resistive, they have no designed resistance to collapse in a fire
Closely spaced high-rise buildings can create a ______ effect, increasing wind velocity as it squeezes through the narrow opening
Canyon effect
Places engineered stresses in architectural and structural concrete to offset the stresses that occur in the concrete when it is under load
Pre-stressing
Of the three types of collapse in wood frame buildings, which is the most dangerous
Inward/outward collapse because it gives no warning and can result in simultaneous collapse of 2or more sides
ASTM E-119 is
Fire resistance tests
When filtered through to ______ natural gas can lose its artificial odorant
Soil/ground
Compressive connecting members of a truss are called
Struts
Core construction is
Internally braced high rises
Rigid frames can stan up to
100 feet
Top and bottoms of an I beam are called ______ and the stem is called
Flanges, web
A group of PV modules is known as an
Array
Regardless of exterior construction, the interior construction of a garden-style apartment is almost totally
Constructed of wood
Torque is
A turning force
What building classification is the most resistant to collapse and its contents do not contribute to fire
Fire-Resistive
If steel is restrained at its ends when its elongating at 1000 degrees what happens
It will buckle or overturn
