Fire Flashcards
Class A Fire
Solid Materials
Wood, Cloth, Furniture, Plastic etc
Class B?
Flammable Liquids
Alchohol, petrol,oil, solvents, wax, paints
Class C
Flammable Gas
Methane propean, butane etc
Class D
Metals or powdered metals
Class F
High temperature oils/ deep fat fryers in galleys, Due to high temps, regular extinguishers do not cool sufficiently
What class of Fire is an electircal Fire
No specific thing as an electric fire, Electricity does not burn, once the electricity has been isolated, treat as the appropriate class
What is the Fire triangle
Fuel, Oxygen, Heat, removal of any one will put out the fire
Principle Methods of fire extinguishing
Starvation - Removing fuel from the fire, closing valves, burning out
Smothering - Blocking O2 from the fire, CO2, blankets, foam steam
Cooling - Using water to reduce heat, effective Boundary Cooling
Interference - Preventing the chemical reaction from taking place. Dry Powder does this
How many fire extinguishers do we have on board?
Can add othe FFA as you go
76 extinguishers
Precautions Pre-Bunkering
Bunkering system checked and operational. relevant valves open/closed
Calculations done
Overflow tank drained and alarm operating
Tanks sounded to match calculation plan
Deck officer informed
Bravo flag flying
No smoking signs in place
Condition of adjacent waters noted/oil free
Sopep materials handy
other bunker points blanked
Scuppers plugged
Hoses and gaskets in good condition
communications with bunker station in place
supply rate, quantity and shutdown procedures agreed
Drip tray fitted
Tank level indicators operating and calibrated
Engine watchman standing by manifold
oil samples taken
Most common causes of Fire
Cigarettes
Hot Work - Permit to work required
Galley
Machinery spaces
Electrical faults
Laundry
Fuel systems and bunkering
Spills and chemical reactions
Refit/repair work
Common means of fire prevention
Laundry, emptying of lint trays
Emptying and correct disposal of bins
Cleaning galley ducts
Proper storage of combustable material
Not leaving items to dry in hot areas
Good housekeeping
Proper handling of oily waste/slops
Not overloading powerpoints
Colour and uses of each extinguisher
Water - Red - Class A, Solids . Good cooling, conducts electricity
Foam - Cream - B, Liquids. Smothers fire, less cooling, conductive
CO2 - Black - Electrical. very quick, no mess. No cooling, dangerous to humans too
Powder - Bue - ABC, General purpose, messy, no cooling, melts to create smothering effect
Lithium Ion Foam - Green,
Wet chemical, yellow, galley fats
required dimensions for a fire hose
According to the Large Yacht Code
No more than 20m
Not less than 38mm diameter
According to Solas
Not more than 15m in machinery spaces
Not more than 20m in other spaces and on Deck
Not more than 25m on deck for vessels with greater than 30m breadth
Class: whats does +100A1 Mean (little fat lloyds cross)
LR cross - Built under lloyds registery survey
100 - Considered Suitable for sea going service
A - Constructed and accepted into class. In good and efficient condition
1 - Having onboard good and efficient mooring/anchoring equipment
What does the ships steering wheel logo mean, which organisation does it represent
Approved by the Marine Equipment Directive (MED)
Came into force in 1999
applies to all ships whos safety certification is issued by or on behalf of a member state of the EU
Covers 4 international conventions
Loadline 1966
Colregs 1972
Marpol 1973
SOLAS 1974
To simplify approving different pieces of equipment from different manufacturers
How would you know if your new LSA or FFE equipment is fit for use
It would have a Type approved certificate
Where could you find specific details on Fire equipment
EG How much Air should be in the SCBA bottle
In the Fire Safety Systems Code Book (IMO)
1200L or capable of functioning for at least 30mins
6 litre tank - 200 Bar
4 Litre tank - 300 Bar
https://maritimeexpert.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/imo-fss-code-international-code-for-fire-safety-systems.pdf
How Many SCBA are required on a vessel more than 500GT?
2 Self Cntained Breathing Apparatus
As stated in REG Yacht Code
Advantages of Positive pressure breathing apparatus
Pressure inside the facemask is always above atmospheric pressure, even when the wearer is breathing in. The demand valve is set so that the pressure is always slightly above the pressure outside. When the wearer breathes in the demand valve allows further air to enter.
Even if there is damage to the mask, flow rate will increase to push air out, preventing smoke or gas from entering
Starting procedure for a BA set
Open bottle, pressurize system, then close bottle again
Watch for drop in pressure, should not be more than 10bar per minute
Don equipment, check it is all secure and fits well
Open bottle again, plug in mask, and check for positive pressure, 2 fingers
Close bottle, breath slowly, check whistle is audible at 50 bar
Check there is no skin showing, proceed to door, give air reading to BA controller
Leak test, Positive pressure, Whistle test, skin
When does the SCBA whistle Sound
at 50 bar
Monthly checks for a SCBA set
Check harness for damage
Extend all straps fully for easy donning
Check cylinder is secure and full
Pressurize set for 1 minute and see if pressure drops, leaks, hissing
Check mask for damage, extend straps fully
Check on demand valve works, can inhale/exhale
Close bottle and check whistle activates
Check tally/name tag is clean and ready for use
EEBDs
- Used to escape from control stations, machinery spaces, accommodation spaces and service area in the event of an emergency.
- All ships must carry at least two EEBD in the accommodation – and one spare.
- Passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers should carry at least four EEBDs in every main vertical zone – and two spare.
- In machinery spaces, EEBDs should be clearly visible.
- Use EEBDs to escape from a compartment.
- EEBDs have a service duration of at least 10 minutes.
- A full set of EEBD includes a hood or full-face piece (gives protection to the eyes nose and mouth during escape).
Fire Control Plans
Can be a combined FFE and LSA plan
A general Arraingment plan, that shows the positions of stowage of the life-saving and fire appliances.
Should be displayed in the crew area, and a duplicate available at the passarrel in a weathertight case, along with a muster list, for non-crew personel in an emergency
What is in MGN 71
Musters, drills, on-board training and instructions,
and Decision Support Systems
Includes weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual tests required of LSA and FFE
According to MGN 71 Monthly FFE inspections
1 All Fireman’s outfits, extinguishers, hydrants, hose and nozzles are in place and in serviceable condition
2 All escape routes are clear and maintained
3 Public address system and ships alrams are serviceable
4 All fixed fire fighting installation valves are in the correct position
5 Dry pipe sprinkler systems are pressurised, where appropriate, and gauges indicate correctly
6 Sprinkler system pressure tank water levels are correct
7 Sprinkler system pumps operate automatically on pressure loss
8 All fire pumps operational
9 All fixed gas fire fighting installations are free from leakage
According to MGN 71 Quarterly FFE inspections
1 All fire extinguishers are at correct pressure and in date
2 Test All automatic alarms for sprinkler systems
3 International shore connection is serviceable
4 fire fighting equipment lockers have their full inventory and all equipment is serviceable
5 All fire doors, Dampers, and closing devices can be operated locally
According to MGN 71 Annual FFE inspections
1 All Fire doors, ventilation dampers, where appropriate, operate remotely
2 All aqueous foam and water spray fixed fire fighting installations operate correctly
3 inspect all accessible components of fixed fire fighting systems, eg nozzles
4 All fire pumps, including sprinkler pumps, develop correct pressures and flow rates
5 All hydrants operate
6 All antifreeze solutions are maintained and cross connection between fire main and sprinkler operates correctly
7 Fixed fire detection systems operate correctly
According to MGN 71 Weekly Lsa inspections
1 Survival craft, rescue boats and launcing appliances must be inspected and ready for immediate use
2 Rescue boat and lifeboat engines run
3 General alarm tested
According to MGN 71 Monthly LSA inspections
All lifesaving appliances and rescue boat equipment
How often should drills be conducted
According to SOLAS and LYC annex C
Every crew member shall participate in 1 Fire and 1 abandon Drill each month
These must be held within 24 hrs of leaving port if 25% of the crew did not do one last month
These should be held before sailing on build, change of major character, or new crew engaged.
How to refill a powder extinguisher
Lift up the handle and push the pin back in
unscrew the top, replace the spent CO2 cartridge
Pour the powder into the extinguisher
Replace the top
Drills should be/include?
Carried out in the same manner as a real emergency
Should involve all Crew and passengers if possible
Fire or other drill should be carried out at the same time as the 1st stage of an abandon drill
Train crew in the closing/ operation of all openings, hatches, scuttles, dampers etc
1 extinguisher should be discharged at each drill so that crew become familiar with them
encourage fire prevention
How to respond to a fire in the engine room (OOW on the Bridge)
Find
Check the Fire panel for location
Check the CCTV/ comms to the ECR for confirmation
Send lookout to investigate, tackle if possible
Inform
Inform the crew - Activate alarm, to muster crew
Inform the Master
Inform the World- Mayday call
Restrict
Assess the situation, fix position, slow the vessel or turn downwind if possible
Shutdown ventilation
close fire doors, watertight doors
Extinguish
Activate fire pump
Handover to Captain when possible
report to MUSTER, full headcount to check for missing persons is crucial
On command of Captain, close fuel shut-off valves
BA team dressing
Hoses running
Boundary cooling of all 6 sides of compartment if possible
Activate fixed fire fighting system, on command of master or C/E
Prioritise rescue of persons
Medical team to prepare to treat casualties
Advantages of AFFF
Aqueous Film Forming Foam
Foam blanket prevents fire
Foam blocks vapours drom excaping and finding an ignition source
Smothers, blocking the oxygen
Cools the fuel due to high water content
What is the IMDG code?
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
(Diamond symbols denoting types of dangerous goods, eg Goods which may spontaneously combust)
Set by IMO
Identifies which goods are dangerous to transport
Identifies the hazards they present
Ensures correct measures are in place to safely transport them
Where can we get more info on Lithium Ion Batteries?
Details about them and their risks
MGN 550 - Guidance for safe design, storage and operation of Li Ion Batteries
Different in their construction to traditional lead acid batteries
Higher energy density, but Greater potential risks
Relatively minor damage, or temps of 120ºC can lead to thermal runaway
Runaway can quickly produce temps of 1000ºC
Also give off toxic and flammable gas
Which extinguisher for fats
wet chemical, Yellow
What percentage of oxygen in the air is cause for concern
25%, highly flammable/ explosive
How much air should be in a BA bottle at entry. How much time should this give you
1200L, 30 mins
