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BIO136 > Finals - Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System-4th discussion - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Finals - Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System-4th discussion - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the upper respiratory system:
Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Tonsils
Mucus

A

NA

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2
Q

Components of the lower respiratory system
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Various protective components
Ciliated mucous membrane, alveolar macrophages, and secretory antibodies

A

NA

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3
Q

Lower respiratory system
Typically microorganisms are not present

A

NA

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4
Q

Upper respiratory system
Colonized by many microorganisms
Normal microbiota limit growth of pathogens
Normal microbiota may be opportunistic pathogens

A

NA

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5
Q

Streptococcal Respiratory Diseases May progress to

A

scarlet or rheumatic fever

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6
Q

Presence of a pseudomembrane that can obstruct airways
Pathogen and virulence factors
Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Virulence factors

A

Diphtheria

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7
Q

Prevents polypeptide synthesis and causes cell death

A

diphtheria toxin

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8
Q

Diptheria is spread via

A

respiratory droplets or skin contact

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9
Q

is a serious bacterial infection that affects the mucous membranes of the throat and nose.

A

Diphtheria

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10
Q

The diphtheria bacillus was discovered and identified by German bacteriologists

A

Edwin Klebs and Friedrich Löffler.

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11
Q

causes pain and pressure of the affected sinus accompanied by malaise, it is also more common in adults

A

Sinusitis

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12
Q

results in severe pain in the ears, it is also more common in children

A

Otitis media

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13
Q

the most common cause of colds

A

Rhinoviruses,

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14
Q

Lower respiratory organs are usually axenic

A

NA

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15
Q

the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present and entirely free of all other contaminating organisms.

A

Axenic

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16
Q

Lung inflammation accompanied by fluid–filled alveoli and bronchioles
Described by affected region or organism causing the disease
they are the most serious and the most frequent in adults

A

Bacterial pneumonias

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17
Q

the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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18
Q

Primary Atypical (Mycoplasmal) Pneumonia is Caused by

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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19
Q

Signs and symptoms
Pneumonia symptoms combined with a thick, bloody sputum

A

Klebsiella Pneumonia

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20
Q

Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is Caused by

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Disease similar to pneumococcal pneumonia

A

Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus

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22
Q

Causes pneumonia called pneumonic plague

A

Yersinia pestis

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23
Q

Causative agent of ornithosis
Disease of birds that can be transmitted to humans

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

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24
Q

Causes pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis

A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

25
Q

a disease where Pulmonary function can rapidly decrease

A

Legionnaires’ Disease

26
Q

Legionnaires’ Disease is caused by

A

Legionella pneumophila

27
Q

Legionella survives in domestic water sources

A

NA

28
Q

refer as white plaque

A

Tuberculosis-

29
Q

announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB).

A

Robert Koch

30
Q

Three types of tuberculosis

A

Primary tuberculosis
Secondary tuberculosis
Disseminated tuberculosis

31
Q

M. tuberculosis remains viable for long time in aerosol drops

A

NA

32
Q

Tuberculosis is leading killer of HIV+ individuals

A

NA

33
Q

Tuberculin skin test identifies exposure to tuberculosis

A

NA

34
Q

Signs and symptoms
Initially coldlike, then characteristic cough develops

A

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

35
Q

Pertussis progresses through four phases

A

Incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent

36
Q

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) is the causative agent of

A

Bordetella pertussis

37
Q

Signs and symptoms
Initially resembles a cold or flu
Progresses to

A

Inhalational Anthrax

38
Q

is the causative agent of Inhalational Anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

39
Q

Anthrax not spread from person to person
Acquired by contact or inhalation of endospores

A

NA

40
Q

Signs and symptoms
Sudden fever, pharyngitis, congestion, cough, myalgia

A

Influenza

41
Q

are the causative agents of Influenza

A

Influenza virus types A and B

42
Q

Oseltamivir and zanamivir can be administered early in infection for Influenza

A

NA

43
Q

Signs and symptoms
High fever, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing
Later develop dry cough and pneumonia

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

44
Q

Caused by a coronavirus called

A

SARS virus

45
Q

Most common childhood respiratory disease
Signs and symptoms
Fever, runny nose, and coughing in babies or immunocompromised individuals
Mild coldlike symptoms in older children and adults

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

46
Q

Signs and symptoms
Symptoms progress to cough, shock, and labored breathing

A

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

47
Q

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is Transmitted from

A

mice via inhalation

48
Q

Estimated to be the second most common cause of viral respiratory disease

A

Metapneumovirus

49
Q

Three strains cause croup and viral pneumonia
Occur primarily in young children

A

Parainfluenza viruses

50
Q

Signs and symptoms
Resembles pneumonia or tuberculosis
Can become systemic in immunocompromised persons

A

Coccidioidomycosis

51
Q

Coccidioidomycosis is Caused by

A

Coccidioides immitis

52
Q

is lesions in subcutaneous tissue

A

Coccidioidomycosis

53
Q

Signs and symptoms
Flulike symptoms
Systemic infections can produce lesions on the face and upper body or purulent lesions on various organs

A

Blastomycosis

54
Q

Blastomycosis is Caused by

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

55
Q

Blastomycosis Enters body through inhalation of dust carrying fungal spores

A

NA

56
Q

Signs and symptoms
Asymptomatic in most cases
Symptomatic infection causes coughing with bloody sputum or skin lesions

A

Histoplasmosis

57
Q

Histoplasmosis
is Caused by

A

Histoplasmosis capsulatum

58
Q

Signs and symptoms
Difficulty breathing, anemia, hypoxia, and fever
Pathogenesis and epidemiology
Transmitted by inhalation of droplets containing the fungus
Common disease in AIDS patients
Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
Diagnosis based on clinical and microscopic findings
Treat with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
Impossible to prevent infection with P. jirovecii

A

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

59
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) is Caused by

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

BIO136 (16 decks)

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