Finals - Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System-4th discussion - Sheet1

Question 1

Components of the upper respiratory system:
Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Tonsils
Mucus

Answer 1

NA

Question 2

Components of the lower respiratory system
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Various protective components
Ciliated mucous membrane, alveolar macrophages, and secretory antibodies

Answer 2

NA

Question 3

Lower respiratory system
Typically microorganisms are not present

Answer 3

NA

Question 4

Upper respiratory system
Colonized by many microorganisms
Normal microbiota limit growth of pathogens
Normal microbiota may be opportunistic pathogens

Answer 4

NA

Question 5

Streptococcal Respiratory Diseases May progress to

Answer 5

scarlet or rheumatic fever

Question 6

Presence of a pseudomembrane that can obstruct airways
Pathogen and virulence factors
Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Virulence factors

Answer 6

Diphtheria

Question 7

Prevents polypeptide synthesis and causes cell death

Answer 7

diphtheria toxin

Question 8

Diptheria is spread via

Answer 8

respiratory droplets or skin contact

Question 9

is a serious bacterial infection that affects the mucous membranes of the throat and nose.

Answer 9

Diphtheria

Question 10

The diphtheria bacillus was discovered and identified by German bacteriologists

Answer 10

Edwin Klebs and Friedrich Löffler.

Question 11

causes pain and pressure of the affected sinus accompanied by malaise, it is also more common in adults

Answer 11

Sinusitis

Question 12

results in severe pain in the ears, it is also more common in children

Answer 12

Otitis media

Question 13

the most common cause of colds

Answer 13

Rhinoviruses,

Question 14

Lower respiratory organs are usually axenic

Answer 14

NA

Question 15

the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present and entirely free of all other contaminating organisms.

Answer 15

Axenic

Question 16

Lung inflammation accompanied by fluid–filled alveoli and bronchioles
Described by affected region or organism causing the disease
they are the most serious and the most frequent in adults

Answer 16

Bacterial pneumonias

Question 17

the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia

Answer 17

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 18

Primary Atypical (Mycoplasmal) Pneumonia is Caused by

Answer 18

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 19

Signs and symptoms
Pneumonia symptoms combined with a thick, bloody sputum

Answer 19

Klebsiella Pneumonia

Question 20

Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is Caused by

Answer 20

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 21

Disease similar to pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 21

Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus

Question 22

Causes pneumonia called pneumonic plague

Answer 22

Yersinia pestis

Question 23

Causative agent of ornithosis
Disease of birds that can be transmitted to humans

Answer 23

Chlamydophila psittaci

Question 24

Causes pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis

Answer 24

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Question 25

a disease where Pulmonary function can rapidly decrease

Answer 25

Legionnaires’ Disease

Question 26

Legionnaires’ Disease is caused by

Answer 26

Legionella pneumophila

Question 27

Legionella survives in domestic water sources

Answer 27

NA

Question 28

refer as white plaque

Answer 28

Tuberculosis-

Question 29

announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB).

Answer 29

Robert Koch

Question 30

Three types of tuberculosis

Answer 30

Primary tuberculosis Secondary tuberculosis Disseminated tuberculosis

Question 31

M. tuberculosis remains viable for long time in aerosol drops

Answer 31

NA

Question 32

Tuberculosis is leading killer of HIV+ individuals

Answer 32

NA

Question 33

Tuberculin skin test identifies exposure to tuberculosis

Answer 33

NA

Question 34

Signs and symptoms Initially coldlike, then characteristic cough develops

Answer 34

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Question 35

Pertussis progresses through four phases

Answer 35

Incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent

Question 36

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) is the causative agent of

Answer 36

Bordetella pertussis

Question 37

Signs and symptoms Initially resembles a cold or flu Progresses to

Answer 37

Inhalational Anthrax

Question 38

is the causative agent of Inhalational Anthrax

Answer 38

Bacillus anthracis

Question 39

Anthrax not spread from person to person Acquired by contact or inhalation of endospores

Answer 39

NA

Question 40

Signs and symptoms Sudden fever, pharyngitis, congestion, cough, myalgia

Answer 40

Influenza

Question 41

are the causative agents of Influenza

Answer 41

Influenza virus types A and B

Question 42

Oseltamivir and zanamivir can be administered early in infection for Influenza

Answer 42

NA

Question 43

Signs and symptoms High fever, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing Later develop dry cough and pneumonia

Answer 43

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Question 44

Caused by a coronavirus called

Answer 44

SARS virus

Question 45

Most common childhood respiratory disease Signs and symptoms Fever, runny nose, and coughing in babies or immunocompromised individuals Mild coldlike symptoms in older children and adults

Answer 45

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Question 46

Signs and symptoms Symptoms progress to cough, shock, and labored breathing

Answer 46

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Question 47

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is Transmitted from

Answer 47

mice via inhalation

Question 48

Estimated to be the second most common cause of viral respiratory disease

Answer 48

Metapneumovirus

Question 49

Three strains cause croup and viral pneumonia Occur primarily in young children

Answer 49

Parainfluenza viruses

Question 50

Signs and symptoms Resembles pneumonia or tuberculosis Can become systemic in immunocompromised persons

Answer 50

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 51

Coccidioidomycosis is Caused by

Answer 51

Coccidioides immitis

Question 52

is lesions in subcutaneous tissue

Answer 52

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 53

Signs and symptoms Flulike symptoms Systemic infections can produce lesions on the face and upper body or purulent lesions on various organs

Answer 53

Blastomycosis

Question 54

Blastomycosis is Caused by

Answer 54

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 55

Blastomycosis Enters body through inhalation of dust carrying fungal spores

Answer 55

NA

Question 56

Signs and symptoms Asymptomatic in most cases Symptomatic infection causes coughing with bloody sputum or skin lesions

Answer 56

Histoplasmosis

Question 57

Histoplasmosis is Caused by

Answer 57

Histoplasmosis capsulatum

Question 58

Signs and symptoms Difficulty breathing, anemia, hypoxia, and fever Pathogenesis and epidemiology Transmitted by inhalation of droplets containing the fungus Common disease in AIDS patients Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention Diagnosis based on clinical and microscopic findings Treat with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole Impossible to prevent infection with P. jirovecii

Answer 58

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)

Question 59

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) is Caused by

Answer 59

Pneumocystis jirovecii