Finals - Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System-4th discussion - Sheet1 Flashcards
Components of the upper respiratory system:
Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Tonsils
Mucus
NA
Components of the lower respiratory system
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Various protective components
Ciliated mucous membrane, alveolar macrophages, and secretory antibodies
NA
Lower respiratory system
Typically microorganisms are not present
NA
Upper respiratory system
Colonized by many microorganisms
Normal microbiota limit growth of pathogens
Normal microbiota may be opportunistic pathogens
NA
Streptococcal Respiratory Diseases May progress to
scarlet or rheumatic fever
Presence of a pseudomembrane that can obstruct airways
Pathogen and virulence factors
Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Virulence factors
Diphtheria
Prevents polypeptide synthesis and causes cell death
diphtheria toxin
Diptheria is spread via
respiratory droplets or skin contact
is a serious bacterial infection that affects the mucous membranes of the throat and nose.
Diphtheria
The diphtheria bacillus was discovered and identified by German bacteriologists
Edwin Klebs and Friedrich Löffler.
causes pain and pressure of the affected sinus accompanied by malaise, it is also more common in adults
Sinusitis
results in severe pain in the ears, it is also more common in children
Otitis media
the most common cause of colds
Rhinoviruses,
Lower respiratory organs are usually axenic
NA
the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present and entirely free of all other contaminating organisms.
Axenic
Lung inflammation accompanied by fluid–filled alveoli and bronchioles
Described by affected region or organism causing the disease
they are the most serious and the most frequent in adults
Bacterial pneumonias
the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Primary Atypical (Mycoplasmal) Pneumonia is Caused by
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Signs and symptoms
Pneumonia symptoms combined with a thick, bloody sputum
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is Caused by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Disease similar to pneumococcal pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus
Causes pneumonia called pneumonic plague
Yersinia pestis
Causative agent of ornithosis
Disease of birds that can be transmitted to humans
Chlamydophila psittaci
Causes pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
a disease where Pulmonary function can rapidly decrease
Legionnaires’ Disease
Legionnaires’ Disease is caused by
Legionella pneumophila
Legionella survives in domestic water sources
NA
refer as white plaque
Tuberculosis-
announced the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB).
Robert Koch
Three types of tuberculosis
Primary tuberculosis
Secondary tuberculosis
Disseminated tuberculosis
M. tuberculosis remains viable for long time in aerosol drops
NA
Tuberculosis is leading killer of HIV+ individuals
NA
Tuberculin skin test identifies exposure to tuberculosis
NA
Signs and symptoms
Initially coldlike, then characteristic cough develops
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Pertussis progresses through four phases
Incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) is the causative agent of
Bordetella pertussis
Signs and symptoms
Initially resembles a cold or flu
Progresses to
Inhalational Anthrax
is the causative agent of Inhalational Anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax not spread from person to person
Acquired by contact or inhalation of endospores
NA
Signs and symptoms
Sudden fever, pharyngitis, congestion, cough, myalgia
Influenza
are the causative agents of Influenza
Influenza virus types A and B
Oseltamivir and zanamivir can be administered early in infection for Influenza
NA
Signs and symptoms
High fever, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing
Later develop dry cough and pneumonia
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Caused by a coronavirus called
SARS virus
Most common childhood respiratory disease
Signs and symptoms
Fever, runny nose, and coughing in babies or immunocompromised individuals
Mild coldlike symptoms in older children and adults
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms progress to cough, shock, and labored breathing
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is Transmitted from
mice via inhalation
Estimated to be the second most common cause of viral respiratory disease
Metapneumovirus
Three strains cause croup and viral pneumonia
Occur primarily in young children
Parainfluenza viruses
Signs and symptoms
Resembles pneumonia or tuberculosis
Can become systemic in immunocompromised persons
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis is Caused by
Coccidioides immitis
is lesions in subcutaneous tissue
Coccidioidomycosis
Signs and symptoms
Flulike symptoms
Systemic infections can produce lesions on the face and upper body or purulent lesions on various organs
Blastomycosis
Blastomycosis is Caused by
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Blastomycosis Enters body through inhalation of dust carrying fungal spores
NA
Signs and symptoms
Asymptomatic in most cases
Symptomatic infection causes coughing with bloody sputum or skin lesions
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis
is Caused by
Histoplasmosis capsulatum
Signs and symptoms
Difficulty breathing, anemia, hypoxia, and fever
Pathogenesis and epidemiology
Transmitted by inhalation of droplets containing the fungus
Common disease in AIDS patients
Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
Diagnosis based on clinical and microscopic findings
Treat with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
Impossible to prevent infection with P. jirovecii
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)
Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) is Caused by
Pneumocystis jirovecii
