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BIO136 > Finals - Eye Diseases > Flashcards

Finals - Eye Diseases Flashcards

1
Q
  • white part of the eye, protects the eyeball.
A

sclera

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2
Q

-or black dot at the center of the eye, is an opening through which light can enter the eye

A

pupil

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3
Q
  • controls how much light enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil, colored part of the eye
A

iris

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4
Q

-a clear window at the front of the eye, covers the iris and the pupil.

A

cornea

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5
Q
  • located behind the pupil, acts like a camera lens by focusing light onto the retina at the back of the eye
A

lens

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6
Q

is a light-sensitive inner lining at the back of the eye. Ten different layers of cells work together to detect light and turn it into electrical impulses

A

retina

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7
Q

This holds the eye lens is held in position. They help in changing the curvature and focal length of the eye lens.

A

Ciliary muscles

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8
Q

The space between the retina and eye lens is filled
with another fluid called ___

A

Vitreous humour

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9
Q

It is a spot at which the optic nerve enters the eye and is insensitive to light and hence the name.

A

Blind Spot

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10
Q

The ability of the eye to focus objects lying at different distances

A

Power of Accommodation:

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11
Q

Infection of the Eye Membranes: Conjunctivitis (pinkeye) can be caused by

A

Various bacteria (e.g.: Haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas) and viruses (e.g.: adenovirus)

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12
Q

: caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is also associated with unsanitary contact lenses

A

Inclusion conjunctivitis

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13
Q

Transmitted to infants during birth and through unchlorinated swimming water.

A

Inclusion conjunctivitis

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14
Q

can cause a non-exudative but persistent conjunctivitis without much redness.

A

Chlamydia trachomatis or Moraxella

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15
Q

causes membrane formation in conjunctiva of non immunized children.

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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16
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis usually resolves without treatment.

A

NA

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17
Q

Antibiotics, eye drops, or ointment may only be needed if no improvement is observed after three days

A

NA

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18
Q

eyes that either do not produce enough tears or have poor tear quality

A

DRY EYES

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19
Q

Any deficiency within the tear layers will cause dry eyes

A

NA

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20
Q

its due to an inadequate amount of the water layer in tears.

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

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21
Q

Causes of dry eyes include certain medical conditions including Sjogren’s syndrome, allergic eye disease, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, graft vs. host disease, sarcoidosis, thyroid disorders or vitamin A deficiency

A

NA

22
Q

caused by contact lens use, nerve damage or that caused by laser eye surgery, though symptoms of dry eyes related to this procedure are usually temporary

A

Corneal nerve desensitivity

23
Q

Drugs called ___ (pilocarpine, cevimeline) help increase tear production.

A

cholinergics

24
Q

Eyedrops made from your own blood. These are called ___. They may be an option if you have severe dry eye symptoms that don’t respond to any other treatment.

A

autologous blood serum drops

25
Q

Drugs to reduce eyelid inflammation.
Eyedrops to control cornea inflammation.
Tear-stimulating drugs.
Eyedrops made from your own blood.

A

Treatment of keraconjunctivitis sicca

26
Q

Avoid air blowing in your eyes.
Add moisture to the air.
Consider wearing wraparound sunglasses or other protective eyewear.
Take eye breaks during long tasks.
Be aware of your environment.
Position your computer screen below eye level.
Stop smoking and avoid smoke.
Use artificial tears regularly.

A

Prevention of keraconjunctivitis sicca

27
Q

Treatment for Severe ophthalmic mycoses is

A

Amphotericin B

28
Q

Treatment for Filamentous fungal keratitis-

A

Topical Natamycin

29
Q

Treatment for Yeast keratitis-

A

Topical amphotericin B

30
Q

Treatment for Ophthalmic mycoses-

A

Itraconazole and Fluconazole

31
Q

Neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia is caused by

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

32
Q

This disease is transmitted to newborn’s eyes during passage through the birth canal

Prevented by treatment newborn’s eyes with antibiotics

A

Neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia

33
Q

Inclusion conjunctivitis
Transmitted to newborn’s eyes during passage through the birth canal
Spread through swimming pool water
Treated with Tetracycline

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

34
Q

Greatest cause of blindness worldwide
Infection causes permanent scarring; scars abrade the cornea leading to blindness

A

Trachoma

35
Q

• Large amount of discharge that is green to yellow in color
Usually lasts 3 to 5 days
Requires antibiotics eye drops to help remove the infection

A

Bacterial Eye Infection

36
Q

• Caused by viruses
• The discharge is clear and watery
Symptoms of cold may be present
Will not respond to antibiotics
Topical antiviral agents

A

Viral Eye Infection

37
Q

• Caused by allergens such as pollen, perfumes, cosmetics, smoke, dust…

Can respond to allergy treatment or disappear on its own.

A

Allergic Eye Infection

38
Q

• Caused by chemicals irritants such as air pollution, smoke, or noxious fumes.

Usually, no treatment is needed

A

Chemical Eye Infection

39
Q

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
Leading cause of infectious blindness in US
Can recur

A

Herpetic Keratitis (Inflammation of the cornea)

40
Q

can increase the herpes virus in the body.

A

Steroids

41
Q

is the most common type of Herpetic Keratitis and primarily infects the face, causing the familiar “cold sore” or “fever blister.”

A

Type I

42
Q

is the sexually transmitted form of hHerpetic Keratitis, infecting the genitals.

A

Type II

43
Q

Treatment for Herpetic Keratitis

A

Topical ganciclovir or trifluridine.
Oral or IV acyclovir or valacyclovir.
For stromal involvement or uveitis, topical corticosteroids in addition to antiviral drugs.

44
Q

is a rare disease in which amoebae invade the cornea of the eye, and affects roughly 1.2 to 3 million people each year.
protozoa

transmitted via water, or poor hygiene concerning eye health routines

Symptoms: eye pain, eye redness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, sensation of something in the eye, excessive tearing.

A

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

45
Q

Treatment for Acanthamoeba Keratitis:

A

Topical Biguanide and Diamidine therapy

46
Q

Caused - live virus.
This classic herpetic lesion consists of a linear branching corneal ulcer (dendritic ulcer).
Symptoms: complain of foreign-body sensation, light sensitivity, redness, and blurred vision.
In immune deficient patients or with the use of corticosteroids the ulcer may become large and in these cases it is called geographic ulcer

A

Dendritic Ulcer (Epithelial Keratitis)

47
Q

Treatment for Dendritic Ulcer

A

Idoxuridine and Vidarabine eye drops.

48
Q

Causes - toxoplasmosis
Signs and symptoms of ocular toxoplasmosis - reduced vision, blurred vision, pain (often with bright light), redness of the eye, and sometimes tearing.

A

Toxoplasma gondii

49
Q

Treatment for Toxoplasma gondii

A

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine, plus Folinic acid.

50
Q

An inflammatory reaction of the eyelid margin caused by bacteria (usually Staphylococcus aureus) or seborrheic skin condition, resulting in flaking, redness, irritation, and possibly recurrent styes of the upper or lower lid, or both.

A

BLEPHARITIS

51
Q

The term stye refers to an inflammation or infection of the glands and follicles of the eyelid margin.

A

HORDEOLUM (STYE)

52
Q

It is Collection of fluid or soft mass cyst.

ETIOLOGY
Blockage of meibomian gland

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
-Pea size cyst
-painless slow swelling of the inner part of eye lid
-Could become infected

A

CHALAZION (MEIBOMIAN CYST)

BIO136 (16 decks)

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