Domains of the Living World

Question 1

– ancient “bacteria”, unicellular like bacteria, also simple cell structure (prokaryote – no nucleus) but have distinct metabolism (chemistry) allowing them to exist in “extreme” environments

Answer 1

Archaea

Question 2

– unicellular, prokaryote, found everywhere (Old kingdom name – Monera)

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

– unicellular to multicellular, complex and organized cells with nuclei and organelles (mitochondria)

Answer 3

Eukarya

Question 4

Taxonomic Hierarchy

Answer 4

Species
Strain
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Domain

Question 5

: basic unit

Answer 5

Species

Question 6

Group of related species

Answer 6

strain

Question 7

: group of similar species

Answer 7

Genus

Question 8

: group of similar genera, ends in - aceae

Answer 8

Family

Question 9

: group of similar families, ends in - ales

Answer 9

Order

Question 10

: group of similar orders, ends in - ia

Answer 10

Class

Question 11

: group of similar classes

Answer 11

Phylum

Question 12

: group of similar Phyla

Answer 12

Kingdom

Question 13

: group of similar Kingdoms

Answer 13

Domain

Question 14

: 1700’s: Two Kingdoms: Plants and Animals

Answer 14

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 15

: 1866: Kingdom Protista

Answer 15

Ernst Haekel

Question 16

: 1969: Five Kingdoms

Answer 16

R.H. Whittaker

Question 17

: 1990: Three Domains

Answer 17

Carl Woese

Question 18

Most have specific shapes of bacteria:

Answer 18

cylindrical, spherical, and spiral

Question 19

bacteria Multiply by ___

Answer 19

binary fission

Question 20

Classification of Bacteria:

Answer 20

1. DNA studies, genomics, gene probes
2. Bacterial viruses “bacteriophages”
3. Serology – antibody-antigen reactions (like blood typing)

Question 21

Classification of Bacteria

Answer 21

Gram + cocci

Gram - bacilli

Gram - Spirochete

Question 22

Can eukaryotes be single-celled or multi-cellular?

Answer 22

They can be both

Question 23

– Ameba and Paramecium (producers and consumers)

Answer 23

Protista

Question 24

– yeasts, molds, mushrooms (consumers)

Answer 24

Fungi

Question 25

– complex producers, trees, grasses

Answer 25

Plants

Question 26

– complex consumers

Answer 26

Animalia

Question 27

The older 5 kingdom scheme is still widely used:

Answer 27

Monera – bacteria (Prokaryotic)
Protista – Protozoans (Eukaryotic)
Fungi - yeast, molds, etc. (Eukaryotic)
Plant – photosynthetic producers (Eukaryotic)
Animals – heterotrophic consumers (Eukaryotic)