Final part 1

Question 1

Essential

Answer 1

needed for life

Question 2

Nutrients

Answer 2

substances in food that provide energy and structure to the body and regulated body processes

Question 3

List the 6 basic categories of nutrients

Answer 3

Carbs, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals and water

Question 4

Calculate energy values in food given the grams of carbohydrate, fats, protein and alcohol

Answer 4

Grams of the nutrient (energy amount) / total calories

Question 5

Read a food label for nutrients per serving

Answer 5

Based on percent of calories per serving

Question 6

myplate

Answer 6

relative amount of each food group set to meet dietary guidelines, amount of servings from each group that set nutrient goals for each group using DRI standards

Question 7

Dietary guidelines

Answer 7

promote health and reduce chronic disease

Question 8

DRI/RDA

Answer 8

recommended intake levels for vitamins, minerals and macronutrients. Prevent deficiencies, but also addresses disease prevention

Question 9

mechanical digestion

Answer 9

mouth and stomach

Question 10

chemical digestion

Answer 10

mouth: amylase Stomach: acid and enzymes SI: bicarbonate, enzymes pancreas, SI, bile from gall bladder LI: bacteria chemically alters CHO

Question 11

end product of CHO

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

End product of protein

Answer 12

amino acid

Question 13

end product of fats

Answer 13

fatty acids

Question 14

ATP

Answer 14

High energy molecule that when broken releases energy

Question 15

Explain why fat has more kcalories per gram than carbohydrate and protein do

Answer 15

Triglycerides can either be used right away or stored in adipose tissue. Large amount of energy can be stored without a great increase in body size/weight

Question 16

Identify the three basic processes of energy metabolism

Answer 16

(1) conversion to Acetyl CoA, (2) TCA cycle and (3) electron transport chain

Question 17

Explain why eating more food does not lead to unlimited energy (ATP) production

Answer 17

Because our body uses what it needs and stores or excretes the rest

Question 18

Know the end products of metabolism

Answer 18

CO2, H2O, ATP

Question 19

CHO classification

Answer 19

mono, di and oligosaccharides

Question 20

Identify food sources from each class of carbohydrate and if/where they would be found in the body

Answer 20

Simple sugars: apple lactose: milk Glucose: OJ Fructose: fruits

Question 21

whole grain

Answer 21

a grain that has the endosperm, germ and bran

Question 22

refined grain

Answer 22

processed and only the endosperm is left

Question 23

enriched grain

Answer 23

refined grain that has nutrients added back in

Question 24

unenriched grain

Answer 24

stripped of nutrients and not added back in

Question 25

How does the body regulate blood sugar levels

Answer 25

Blood concentration is regulated by the liver and hormones in the pancreas. After eating and there are high levels of blood glucose insulin is secreted to lower levels. A few hours after eating glucagon is secreted to raise levels by signaling liver cells to break down glycogen into glucose

Question 26

hypoglycemia

Answer 26

low blood sugar

Question 27

hyperglycemia

Answer 27

high blood sugar

Question 28

type 1 diabetes

Answer 28

insulin deficiency

Question 29

type 2 diabetes

Answer 29

insulin resistance

Question 30

different types of lips

Answer 30

triglycercides and fatty acids, phospholipids and sterols