Final part 1 Flashcards
Essential
needed for life
Nutrients
substances in food that provide energy and structure to the body and regulated body processes
List the 6 basic categories of nutrients
Carbs, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals and water
Calculate energy values in food given the grams of carbohydrate, fats, protein and alcohol
Grams of the nutrient (energy amount) / total calories
Read a food label for nutrients per serving
Based on percent of calories per serving
myplate
relative amount of each food group set to meet dietary guidelines, amount of servings from each group that set nutrient goals for each group using DRI standards
Dietary guidelines
promote health and reduce chronic disease
DRI/RDA
recommended intake levels for vitamins, minerals and macronutrients. Prevent deficiencies, but also addresses disease prevention
mechanical digestion
mouth and stomach
chemical digestion
mouth: amylase Stomach: acid and enzymes SI: bicarbonate, enzymes pancreas, SI, bile from gall bladder LI: bacteria chemically alters CHO
end product of CHO
glucose
End product of protein
amino acid
end product of fats
fatty acids
ATP
High energy molecule that when broken releases energy
Explain why fat has more kcalories per gram than carbohydrate and protein do
Triglycerides can either be used right away or stored in adipose tissue. Large amount of energy can be stored without a great increase in body size/weight
Identify the three basic processes of energy metabolism
(1) conversion to Acetyl CoA, (2) TCA cycle and (3) electron transport chain
Explain why eating more food does not lead to unlimited energy (ATP) production
Because our body uses what it needs and stores or excretes the rest
Know the end products of metabolism
CO2, H2O, ATP
CHO classification
mono, di and oligosaccharides
Identify food sources from each class of carbohydrate and if/where they would be found in the body
Simple sugars: apple lactose: milk Glucose: OJ Fructose: fruits
whole grain
a grain that has the endosperm, germ and bran
refined grain
processed and only the endosperm is left
enriched grain
refined grain that has nutrients added back in
unenriched grain
stripped of nutrients and not added back in
How does the body regulate blood sugar levels
Blood concentration is regulated by the liver and hormones in the pancreas. After eating and there are high levels of blood glucose insulin is secreted to lower levels. A few hours after eating glucagon is secreted to raise levels by signaling liver cells to break down glycogen into glucose
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
type 1 diabetes
insulin deficiency
type 2 diabetes
insulin resistance
different types of lips
triglycercides and fatty acids, phospholipids and sterols
