Exam 4 Theories and strategies

Question 1

Set-point theory

Answer 1

the body compensates for variations in diet and exercise by adjusting energy intake and expenditure to keep weight at a particular level

Question 2

What percent of one’s weight is considered determined by one’s genes

Answer 2

75%

Question 3

epigenetics

Answer 3

Epigenetics is the study of modifications of gene expression rather than the genetic code itself

Question 4

Hypertrophy

Answer 4

enlargement of fat cells (adulthood)

Question 5

Hyperplasia

Answer 5

Increase in number of fat cells (childhood)

Question 6

Where is leptin made and how does it impact food intake and body weight

Answer 6

Leptin is produced in the adipocytes and it can regulate body fatness in the long term. If the hormone to produce leptin is absent, the adipocytes enlarge but the leptin levels do not increase causing the person to continue to eat and expend less energy

Question 7

Some health experts describe the environment in the U.S. as toxic for causing obesity. Why

Answer 7

Kcalorie intake is increasing with the increasing portions. People are consuming more carbs than other nutrients

Question 8

How have kcalories consumed and kcalories expended changed in recent decades

Answer 8

Kcals consumed is more than the amount expended

Question 9

1. What would you tell your roommate who states, “Restaurants serve larger portions today than years ago, but I just leave more behind. I realize that leads to more food waste, but I don’t eat more kcalories.”

Answer 9

The number of calories in a meal at a restaurant very often has more calories than we estimate it to have

Question 10

Which macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein or fat) has been shown to be the most satiating

Answer 10

protein

Question 11

Describe low energy density in food

Answer 11

Lower energy density foods provide fewer calories per gram of food- meaning you can have satisfying portions of these foods with a relative low calorie content

Question 12

What are physical activity and sleeping recommendations to help maintain a healthy weight

Answer 12

Moderate activity (expending 150 kcal) at least 5days, preferably 7 days a week
7-8 hours of sleep

Question 13

List components of behavior modification strategies

Answer 13

Set realistic goals, use rewards, stimulus control, use self-monitoring of intake and activity

Question 14

Describe two key mechanisms of drugs used to treat obesity

Answer 14

Block fat absorptions and appetite suppressant

Question 15

What are BMIs cutoffs for drug treatment for obesity

Answer 15

BMI >30 and BMI >27 with comorbidities

Question 16

Has weight-loss surgery been found to be an effective method for permanent weight loss

Answer 16

40% of people saw adverse effects within 6 months