Exam 3 fluids

Question 1

Define extracellular versus intracellular water

Answer 1

Extracellular: outside the cells, in the blood, lymph and spaces between the cells Intracellular: inside the cells.

Question 2

Where is interstitial fluid

Answer 2

outside the cells

Question 3

Compare amounts of fluid in each of the body’s compartments of fluid for an average adult

Answer 3

25 liters in the intracellular space, 14 liters in the interstitial space and 3 liters in the vessels

Question 4

List three sources of water intake for typical adult. Approximately what percent usually comes from each source

Answer 4

Beverages (1400 mL ) (2/3) Food (700 mL) (1/3) Metabolism (200 mL)

Question 5

List pathways of water loss by typical adult. Approximately, how much is lost from each pathway in one day? Which pathway is usually the highest?

Answer 5

Urine (1400 mL) Skin (450 mL) lungs (350 mL) Feces (100 mL)

Question 6

What amount of fluid loss, as percent of body weight, triggers a thirst response

Answer 6

1-2%

Question 7

What are consequences of a loss of 3-4% of your body weight by water loss? How much loss is linked with death from dehydration

Answer 7

This can cause impaired physical performance a dry mouth, flushed skin, impatience and empathy. 10-20% can be fatal

Question 8

Describe the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the regulation of water balance

Answer 8

ADH signals the kidneys to reabsorb water which reduces the amount lost in the urine

Question 9

Why are older adults at increased risk for dehydration

Answer 9

As the body ages the amount of water in it decreases so when the elderly loose water it’s often more than they can afford

Question 10

Why are infants at increased risk for dehydration

Answer 10

Infants are at risk because a lot of water can be lost through vomiting and diarrhea

Question 11

What are consequences of consuming too much water

Answer 11

water intoxication

Question 12

Define hyponatremia. Is this easy to do

Answer 12

Hyponatremia is when there is too much water relative to the amount of sodium in the body and the concentration of sodium in the blood drops. This is hard to do under normal conditions

Question 13

Is thirst a reliable indicate of fluid needs for most individuals

Answer 13

Thirst cannot be relied on to maintain water balance because the urge of thirst often lags behind the need for water

Question 14

What factors are important to consider when selecting the type of beverages you drink

Answer 14

Sugar will fight the body for water and make you more thirsty. Caffeine is a diuretic