Exam 2 Metabolism

Question 1

Why can the body get energy from food

Answer 1

Energy is trapped in C-H bonds

Question 2

Sources of energy

Answer 2

glucose, AA, fats and alcohol

Question 3

Why does fat provide more energy

Answer 3

Triglycerides can either be used right away or stored in adipose tissue. Large amount of energy can be stored without a great increase in body size/weight.

Question 4

How many carbon are in glucose

Answer 4

6

Question 5

How many carbons are in glycerol

Answer 5

3

Question 6

How many carbons are in fatty acids

Answer 6

3

Question 7

How many carbons are in alcohol

Answer 7

2

Question 8

How many carbons are in pyruvate

Answer 8

3

Question 9

How many carbons are in acetylcoa

Answer 9

2

Question 10

Capture (store) energy equation

Answer 10

Energy from C-H broken bonds in food + O2+ PO3 = CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 11

Transfer (release) energy equation to power body

Answer 11

ATP = ADP + PO3 + energy

Question 12

Is ATP short or long term

Answer 12

short term few seconds

Question 13

3 basic processes of energy metabolism

Answer 13

1. Conversion to acetylCoA
2. Send through TCA cycle
3. e- transfer chain; energized hydrogen to a lower energy level

Question 14

Identify energy yielding nutrients that are converted to pyruvate before being converted to acetyl-coA in the first basic process of energy metabolism

Answer 14

Glycerol

Question 15

indentify energy yielding nutrients that are converted directly to acetyl-coA without first being converted to pyruvate.

Answer 15

Fatty acids

Question 16

Can fatty acids from body adipose tissue produce glucose for the blood when blood glucose is very low?

Answer 16

no because process is not reversible

Question 17

Glucogenic

Answer 17

anything that gets converted into pyruvate that can be converted to glucose.

Question 18

When is it important for glucogenic AA to be metabolized to glucose

Answer 18

Really high protein and low carbohydrate diet, starvation

Question 19

End products of energy metabolism

Answer 19

CO2, H2O and ATP

Question 20

Describe how the body is able to store excess carbohydrate, protein, and fat in adipose cells.

Answer 20

Cells in your adipose tissue can increase in weight by 50 times, and new fat calls can be made when existing cells reach their maximum size.

Question 21

If Matt went on a starvation diet starting tomorrow, what would be his body’s source of glucose for the first day? Subsequent days?

Answer 21

Short term: Liver glycogen Long term: Ketones

Question 22

AcetlyCoA

Answer 22

Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.

Question 23

Anabolism

Answer 23

the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy Constructive

Question 24

ATP

Answer 24

A high-energy molecule that the body uses to power activities that require energy

Question 25

Catabolism

Answer 25

the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy. deconstructive

Question 26

Coenzymes

Answer 26

An organic nonprotein substance that binds to an enzyme to promote its activity

Question 27

Enzymes

Answer 27

A protein molecule that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without being charged

Question 28

e- transport chain

Answer 28

is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors

Question 29

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 29

a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.

Question 30

Glycolysis

Answer 30

An anaerobic metabolic pathway that splits glucose into 2 3 carbon pyruvate molecules

Question 31

Ketones

Answer 31

An acidic molecule formed when there isnt sufficient carbohydrate to break down acetlyCoA

Question 32

Ketosis

Answer 32

High levels of ketones in the body

Question 33

Lactic acid

Answer 33

An endproduct of anaerobic metabolism

Question 34

Metabolism

Answer 34

The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism

Question 35

Pyruvate

Answer 35

end product of glycolysis

Question 36

TCA cycle

Answer 36

s a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that form a key part of aerobic respiration in cells.