Exam 2 Metabolism Flashcards
Why can the body get energy from food
Energy is trapped in C-H bonds
Sources of energy
glucose, AA, fats and alcohol
Why does fat provide more energy
Triglycerides can either be used right away or stored in adipose tissue. Large amount of energy can be stored without a great increase in body size/weight.
How many carbon are in glucose
6
How many carbons are in glycerol
3
How many carbons are in fatty acids
3
How many carbons are in alcohol
2
How many carbons are in pyruvate
3
How many carbons are in acetylcoa
2
Capture (store) energy equation
Energy from C-H broken bonds in food + O2+ PO3 = CO2 + H2O + ATP
Transfer (release) energy equation to power body
ATP = ADP + PO3 + energy
Is ATP short or long term
short term few seconds
3 basic processes of energy metabolism
- Conversion to acetylCoA
- Send through TCA cycle
- e- transfer chain; energized hydrogen to a lower energy level
Identify energy yielding nutrients that are converted to pyruvate before being converted to acetyl-coA in the first basic process of energy metabolism
Glycerol
indentify energy yielding nutrients that are converted directly to acetyl-coA without first being converted to pyruvate.
Fatty acids
Can fatty acids from body adipose tissue produce glucose for the blood when blood glucose is very low?
no because process is not reversible
Glucogenic
anything that gets converted into pyruvate that can be converted to glucose.
When is it important for glucogenic AA to be metabolized to glucose
Really high protein and low carbohydrate diet, starvation
End products of energy metabolism
CO2, H2O and ATP
Describe how the body is able to store excess carbohydrate, protein, and fat in adipose cells.
Cells in your adipose tissue can increase in weight by 50 times, and new fat calls can be made when existing cells reach their maximum size.
If Matt went on a starvation diet starting tomorrow, what would be his body’s source of glucose for the first day? Subsequent days?
Short term: Liver glycogen Long term: Ketones
AcetlyCoA
Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.
Anabolism
the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy Constructive
ATP
A high-energy molecule that the body uses to power activities that require energy
Catabolism
the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy. deconstructive
Coenzymes
An organic nonprotein substance that binds to an enzyme to promote its activity
Enzymes
A protein molecule that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction without being charged
e- transport chain
is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors
Gluconeogenesis
a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.
Glycolysis
An anaerobic metabolic pathway that splits glucose into 2 3 carbon pyruvate molecules
Ketones
An acidic molecule formed when there isnt sufficient carbohydrate to break down acetlyCoA
Ketosis
High levels of ketones in the body
Lactic acid
An endproduct of anaerobic metabolism
Metabolism
The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism
Pyruvate
end product of glycolysis
TCA cycle
s a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that form a key part of aerobic respiration in cells.
