Exam 2 protein

Question 1

Basic structure of amino acid

Answer 1

a central carbon atom bound to a hydrogen atom; an amino group; which contains nitrogen; an acid group; and a side chain

Question 2

What makes one AA different than another

Answer 2

The nitrogen distinguishes amino acids

Question 3

How many AA are there

Answer 3

20

Question 4

Essential AA

Answer 4

Amino acid that can’t be synthesized by the body in sufficient amounts to meet its needs and must be included in diet. 9

Question 5

Nonessential AA

Answer 5

They can be made in the body. 11

Question 6

Are both AA in our food

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

What is required for protein production

Answer 7

Dietary proteins that go through digestion into the amino acid pool where there is energy production, synthesis of glucose or fatty acids and synthesis of nonprotein molecules that contain nitrogen. Protein synthesis creates body proteins. Can be reversed to create protein breakdown.

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

blueprint order of AA

Question 9

mRNA/ transfer RNA

Answer 9

Copy of DNA. transfer brings to ribosomes

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Site in cells for protein production

Question 11

Major roles of protein in the body

Answer 11

Make muscles, organs, blood proteins, hormones

Question 12

Process of protein digestion and absorption

Answer 12

Starts in stomach with enzyme pepsin to chemically break down. In SI enzymes break down into amino acids, in mucosal cell they are broken down into single amino acids and travel in the blood to the liver.

Question 13

Deamination

Answer 13

the removal of the amino group from an AA

Question 14

Denaturation

Answer 14

Alteration of a proteins 3 dimensional structure

Question 15

Primary

Answer 15

Structure of AA. If wrong,wrong protein = sickle cell

Question 16

Secondary

Answer 16

Unfolding

Question 17

Tertiary

Answer 17

Shape dependent on its environment (temp, pH) changing it looses structure

Question 18

Quaternary

Answer 18

Chunks of protein that get together to make a larger protein

Question 19

What happens to ammonia and urea in response to deamination

Answer 19

both are put in the urine to be removed. Gives urine the smell

Question 20

What do you multiply weight by to get RDA of protein intake

Answer 20

.80

Question 21

What happens to extra protein we eat

Answer 21

Process the extra AA in deamination and the nitrogen is converted into urea and gotten rid of in the urine. Use the other end of the molecule for energy. You can gain body fat from eating too much protein

Question 22

Nitrogen balance

Answer 22

the amount of nitrogen consumed in the diet compared with the amount excreted over a given period.

Question 23

Source of input for nitrogen balance

Answer 23

dietary protein

Question 24

Source of output for nitrogen balance

Answer 24

Urine

Question 25

Negative nitrogen balance

Answer 25

more protein is being broken down than synthesized. Occurs due to injury or illness as well as when the diet is too low in protein/ calories

Question 26

Zero nitrogen balance

Answer 26

Total amount of protein in the body isn’t changing. Healthy adults who consume adequate amounts of protein.

Question 27

Positive nitrogen balance

Answer 27

More synthesis than degradation. Occurs when body is growing during pregnancy, weight lifters

Question 28

What determines the quality of a protein

Answer 28

Protein quality is determined by how good the protein in a food is at providing the essential amino acids the body needs to synthesize proteins.

Question 29

Limiting amino acid

Answer 29

the essential amino acid that is present in shortest supply relative to the body’s need for it.

Question 30

If you eat only one protein food for two weeks and it had a non-essential amino acids missing, what would happen?

Answer 30

It would be difficult to meet your bodys protein needs

Question 31

If you eat only one protein food for two weeks and it had a essential amino acids missing, what would happen?

Answer 31

Your body would take muscles tissues and break them down to use their AA elsewhere

Question 32

Protein energy malnutrition

Answer 32

A condition characterized by loss of muscle and fat mass and an increased susceptibility to infection that results from the long-term consumption of insufficient amounts of energy and/or protein to meet the body’s needs.

Question 33

Kwashiorkor

Answer 33

A form of protein energy malnutrition in which only protein is deficient

Question 34

Marasmus

Answer 34

A form of protein energy malnutrition in which a deficiency of energy in the diet causes severe body wasting
Common around the world

Question 35

Vegetarian

Answer 35

A diet that includes plant-based foods and eliminates some or all of animal foods

Question 36

Vegan

Answer 36

A plant-based diet that eliminates all animal products.

Question 37

Positive effects of a vegan diet

Answer 37

Lowers sat fat. Increase fiber, antioxidants, decreases obesity, high BP, cancer, CVD and diabetes

Question 38

Negatives effects of a vegan diet

Answer 38

Decreases: iron, calcium, vitamin B12 and D. Increase: anemia and osteoporosis