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FSHN 167 > Exam 1 digestion and absorption > Flashcards

Exam 1 digestion and absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion

A

the process by which food is broken down into components small enough to be absorbed into the body

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2
Q

Absorption

A

the process of taking substances from GI tract into the interior of the body.

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3
Q

Key components of digestive system

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, SI and LI

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4
Q

Accessory components of digestive system

A

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

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5
Q

Steps of digestion for starch

A

Mouth: amylase Stomach: stop chemical digestion Si: pancreatic amylases convert into glucose

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6
Q

Steps of digestion for mono sugar

A

SI: taken into the blood

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7
Q

Steps of digestion for di sugar

A

SI: turned into mono and taken into the blood

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8
Q

Steps of digestion for fiber

A

LI: bacteria break it down

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9
Q

steps of digestion for lipids

A

Stomach: churned SI: bile emulsify lipids, lipase break it down into fatty acids, break apart micelle and into chylomicrons and put into the lymphatic system

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10
Q

steps of digestion for protein

A

Mouth: mechanical break down. Stomach: HCl unfold protein and break down into smaller units SI: break into amino acids and put into the blood.

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11
Q

What are the end products of protein?

A

Amino acids

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12
Q

What are the end products of CHO?

A

glucose, galactose and fructose

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13
Q

What are the end products of fats?

A

triglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol

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14
Q

What are the functions of HCl in the stomach?

A

Kills most bacteria present in food, unfolds proteins.

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15
Q

What happens of HCl is too low?

A

You can get ulcers and lower immunity

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16
Q

What lines the SI?

A

large circular folds and villi

17
Q

What is bile, where is it made and what does it do?

A

A digestive fluid made in the gallbladder tjat is released into the SI where it aids in fat digestion and absorption

18
Q

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

A

secrets pancreatic juice and digestive enzymes

19
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

enzyme that cont. the job of breaking down starches into sugars

20
Q

Pancreatic proteases

A

Break protein into shorter chains of amino acids and lipases

21
Q

Where are biocarbonates formed and where are they secreted into the GI tract? Function?

A

formed in SI and they make the environment in SI neutral or slightly basic

22
Q

What is the role of gastrin and secretin?

A

regulates pH levels. If lower than 1.5 secretin is released.

23
Q

What is the role of CCK and ghrelin

A

If hungry, ghrelin makes stomach growl and CCK is released when food reaches the SI

24
Q

What are the functions of the LI

A

Most water is absorbed here. Break down of unabsorbed portions of food and synthesize nutrients that can be use by the microflora or absorbed into the body

25
Q

Where does acid kill bacteria?

A

Stomach

26
Q

Where does amylase start starch digestion?

A

SI

27
Q

Where does bacteria chemically break down fiber?

A

LI

28
Q

Where do biocarbonates neutralize acid?

A

SI

29
Q

Where does bile break up fat?

A

SI

30
Q

Where does chewing break down food?

A

Mouth

31
Q

Where does churning cause mechanical digestion of food?

A

Stomach

32
Q

Where are micelles formed?

A

SI

33
Q

Where does most chemical digestion and absorption occur?

A

SI

34
Q

Where do pancreatic enzymes chemically digest food?

A

SI

35
Q

Where does peristalsis start?

A

esophagus

36
Q

Where is chyme produced?

A

stomach

37
Q

Where do proteins unfold because of acid?

A

stomach

38
Q

Where does saliva lubricate?

A

mouth

39
Q

Where is the site of villi and microvilli?

A

SI

FSHN 167 (24 decks)

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