Exam 2 Lipids and cardiovascular disease

Question 1

Sterols

Answer 1

Functional molecule of multiple chemical rings, no kcal and only found in animal foods

Question 2

Phospholipids

Answer 2

Allow water and fat to mix. Lipid that contains phosphorous

Question 3

Triglyceride

Answer 3

Contains glycerol and any combination of 3 fatty acids most contain 14-22 carbons

Question 4

Fatty acids

Answer 4

A chain of carbon atoms with an acid group at the end of the chain.

Question 5

Saturated

Answer 5

A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. No carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 6

Unsaturated

Answer 6

a fatty acid that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bond. Mono or poly

Question 7

Omega 3 fatty acids

Answer 7

if the 1st double bond occurs between the 3rd and 4th carbon atoms

Question 8

Omega 6 fatty acids

Answer 8

1st double bond occurs between 6th and 7th carbon atoms

Question 9

Linoleic

Answer 9

an omega 6 essential fatty acid with 18 carbons and 2 carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 10

Linolenic

Answer 10

an omega 3 essential fatty acids with 18 carbons and 3 carbon-carbon double bonds

Question 11

Cis fatty acids

Answer 11

hydrogens are on the same side of the double bond and cause a bend in the carbon chain

Question 12

Trans fatty acids

Answer 12

the hydrogens are on opposite sides of the double bond, making the chain straighter

Question 13

Foods rich in saturated fat

Answer 13

butter, cheddar cheese, coconut oil.

Question 14

Foods rich in monounsaturated fat

Answer 14

canola oil, olive oil, avocado

Question 15

Foods rich in polyunsaturated fats

Answer 15

corn oil, walnuts, flaxseed

Question 16

What do we get plenty of in our diet?

Answer 16

Omega 6

Question 17

What do we need more of in our diets

Answer 17

omega 3

Question 18

Hydrogenation

Answer 18

process to make partially hydrogenated oils in which hydrogen atoms are added to the C-C double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids, making them more saturated.

Question 19

Why do manufacturers hydrogenate oils?

Answer 19

They are more solid at room temperature and can be stored longer

Question 20

Why do nutritionist recommend to avoid foods put through hydrogenation

Answer 20

Increases the risk of developing heart disease

Question 21

Which foods have the most trans fat?

Answer 21

Cakes,pies,cookies and butter

Question 22

Why isnt cholesterol an essential nutrient?

Answer 22

our body can make it

Question 23

How does the body get rid of cholesterol

Answer 23

Liver gets rid of it by excreting free cholesterol into the intestine along with bile. Only form intestinal cells can absorb

Question 24

Food sources of cholesteroL

Answer 24

Animal foods. Eggs, salmon and chicken

Question 25

Why doesnt cholesterol have calories

Answer 25

Our body doesnt have the ability to rip it apart and use the chemical energy as calories

Question 26

Digestions and absorption of lipids

Answer 26

Fats start melting in mouth, churned in stomach, in SI bile and pancreatic lipase emulsifies lipids and break down to fatty acids then into chylomicrons and put into blood system

Question 27

Lipoprotein

Answer 27

particle that transports lipids in the blood

Question 28

Chylomicrons

Answer 28

formed in the SI circulate the blood delivering triglycerides to body cells

Question 29

VLDL

Answer 29

Made in the liver and transport triglycerides away from the liver

Question 30

HDL

Answer 30

Pick up cholesterol from other lipoproteins and body cells and return it to the liver

Question 31

LDL

Answer 31

transformed from remaining VLDL in liver. Deliver cholesterol to the body by binding to a protein on the cell membrane LDL recptor

Question 32

Progression of atherosclerosis

Answer 32

Damage is made to the lining of an artery and begins inflammation which begins plaque formation.

Question 33

Plaque

Answer 33

cholesterol rich material that is deposited in the arteries of individuals with atherosclerosis

Question 34

Major risk factors for coronary heart disease

Answer 34

Diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and high blood levels of LDL

Question 35

Why is LDL called bad cholesterol

Answer 35

Causes the build up of plaque (oxidized)

Question 36

Why is HDL called good cholesterol

Answer 36

Transports cholesterol back to the liver to be reused

Question 37

Dietary guidelines and AMDRs related to lipids

Answer 37

Total = 20-35% of total fat intake

Sat fat: <10% total calories