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Biopsychology > Final Lab > Flashcards

Final Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Axon

A

Information AWAY from cell

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2
Q

Dendrites

A

Information INTO cell

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3
Q

The __________ present on the axons of some neurons speeds up impulses

A

Myelin sheath

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4
Q

Reflex arc is quicker because input from the brain is not required

True or false

A

True

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5
Q

Central nervous system consists of ?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of ?

A

Somatic

Autonomic

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7
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Nerves convey sensory information to the CNS

SENSORY + VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

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8
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

regulate the autonomic behaviors of the body

Control heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, etc

INVOLUNTARY

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9
Q

Autonomic divisions

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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10
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight

Increases heart rate and breathing

Decreases digestion

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11
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest

Decreases functions of sympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

Gray matter

A

Contains Neuron cell bodies and dendrites

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13
Q

White matter

A

Contains Myelinated axons

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14
Q

Medulla (oblongata)

A

Responsible for vital reflexes and functions needed to stay alive

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15
Q

Pons

A

Controls muscle movements, like walking

Works in conjunction to increase arousal and readiness of other parts of the brain

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16
Q

Physiological

A

Chemical/ biological

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17
Q

Ontogenetic

Developmental

A

Changes with maturity over time

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18
Q

Functional

A

Explains why trait is useful

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19
Q

Evolutionary

A

Explains similarities between species

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20
Q

Cerebellum

A

Helps regulate motor movements

Balance and coordination

Important for shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli

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21
Q

Post central gyrus

Parietal lobe

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

Responsible for touch sensations and information from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors

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22
Q

Pre central gyrus (frontal lobe)

A

Responsible for the control of fine motor movement

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23
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Primary auditory cortex

Spoken language

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24
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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25
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Primary motor cortex

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26
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory

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27
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory relay station

28
Q

Hypothalamus

A 
4 F’s:
Feeding
Flight
Fight
Sex
29
Q

Pineal gland

A

Sleep/wake cycle

30
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Hormones

31
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Connect right and left sides of brain

32
Q

Ventricles

A

Four fluid filled structures in the brain

Two lateral ventricles, a 3rd ventricle and a 4th ventricle

33
Q

The ventricular system is continuos with central canal in spinal cord and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid CSF

True or false

A

True

34
Q

Phenotype

A

Appearance of trait

Blood type, hair color

35
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup

AB , Bb

36
Q

Most neurons cannot be replaced

True or false

A

True

37
Q

Neurons/ connections not used by the brain _____

A

Die

38
Q

A young child has twice as many connections between _____ as an adult

A

Neurons

39
Q

Normal adult aging DOES involve massive neuron death

True or false

A

False

It does not

40
Q

Brain development never ends- brains are plastic and adapt to the world (lifelong plasticity) BUT younger brains do have a greater ability to change than older brains

True or false

A

True

41
Q

Optic disc/ blind spot located ?

A

Located where the optic nerve exits the retina

42
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primary visual cortex

43
Q

The ear contains structures important for both _____ & _____

A

Hearing & balance

44
Q

Skin sensory receptors are not distributed equally

True or false

A

True

45
Q

Ability to determine the location/ number of places touched is different for different body regions

True or false

A

True

46
Q

Insula

A

Primary gustatory (taste) cortex and secondary somatosensory cortex

47
Q

Information from all of the senses except ______ travels to the thalamus first (sensory relay station)

A

Olfaction

48
Q

Three types of muscle

A

Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac

49
Q

The _________ _______ (suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus) generates circadian rhythms

A

Biological clock

50
Q

The __________ produces melatonin and affects sleep/ wake cycles

A

Pineal gland

51
Q

Obesity results from a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences

True or false

A

True

52
Q

Errors in sex chromosomes (too few or too many Xs or Ys) exist for only female phenotypes

True or false

A

False

Exist for both female and male phenotypes

53
Q

XX individuals can be masculinized (and XY individuals feminized) by various conditions

True or false

A

True

54
Q

Items are recalled better if they are processed more deeply (determining if a word belongs in a particular category vs counting the number of letters in the word)

True or false

A

True

55
Q

_______ memories are formed during stressful or emotional events and are typically perceived to be particularly accurate, although that is not always the case

A

Flashbulb memories

56
Q

Broca’s area

A

Expressive or non fluent

Patients have difficulty producing understandable speech

Problems with the motor aspect of language

57
Q

Wernickes area

A

Receptive or fluent

Patients have difficulty understanding language, although their spoken words may sound normal

58
Q

Deaf people who learn American Sign Language show brain activity in many of the same areas as _______

A

Spoken language

59
Q

Left brain hemisphere

A

Frequently dominant for language

60
Q

Right brain hemisphere

A

Frequently dominant for Visio-spatial and creative functions

61
Q

Humans prefer one side over the other for vision, hearing, hand use, and foot use

True or false

A

True

62
Q

Right size preference order

A

Hand (90%)

Foot (80%)

Eye (70%)

Ear (60%)

63
Q

In people who write using “normal” writing posture, the hemisphere specialized for language is opposite

True or false

A

True

Right hand= left brain language

Left hand= right language

64
Q

People who rite using an inverted posture (Obama, Prince William) the same side is specialized for language

True or false

A

True

65
Q

_____ and ______ to certain aspects of a stimulus affect how well it is learned and remembered

A

Focus and attention

Biopsychology (25 decks)

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