Chapter 7 Sensory Systems

Question 1

Audition

Answer 1

Our sense of hearing

Depends upon our ability to detect sound waves

Sound waves are periodic compressions if air, water or other media

Question 2

Amplitude

Answer 2

The height and subsequent intensity of the sound wave

Question 3

Loudness

Answer 3

The perception of the sound wave

Amplitude is one factor

Question 4

Pinna

Answer 4

Alters the reflection of sound waves into the middle war from the outer ear

Helps to locate the source of a sound

Question 5

Tympanic membrane

Answer 5

Vibrates at the same rate when struck by sound waves

Connects three tiny bones

Question 6

Oval window

Answer 6

A membrane in the inner ear

Transmits waves through the biscuits fluid of the inner ear

Question 7

Place theory

Answer 7

Each area along the basilar membrane has hair cells sensitive to only one specific frequency of sound wave

Question 8

Frequency theory

Answer 8

The basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with the sound and causes auditory nerve axons to produce action potentials at the same frequency

Question 9

Pitch theory

Answer 9

Low frequency sounds best explained by the frequency theory

High frequency sounds best explained by the place theory

Question 10

Conductive/ middle ear deafness

Answer 10

Occurs if bones of the middle ear fail to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea

Caused by diseases, infection, or tumerous bone growth

Question 11

Nerve or inner ear deafness

Answer 11

Damage to the cochlea, the hair cells, or the auditory nerve

Vary in degree

Question 12

Tinnitus

Answer 12

A frequent or constant ringing in ears

Question 13

Sound localization depend upon three cues?

Answer 13

Sound shadow

Time of arrival

Phase difference

Question 14

Mechanical senses include

Answer 14

Vestibular sensation

Touch

Pain

Other body sensations

Question 15

Mechanical senses respond to?

Answer 15

Pressure

Bending

Other distortions of a receptor

Question 16

Vestibular sense

Answer 16

The system that detects the position and the movement of the head and adjusts body posture and eye movements accordingly

In the ear, adjacent to the cochlea

Question 17

Semicircular canals

Answer 17

Filled with a jellylike substance and hair cells that are activated when the head moves

Question 18

Somatosensory system

Answer 18

Has receptors that detect several kinds of stimulation of the skin and internal tissues

Question 19

Free nerve ending

Answer 19

Responds to pain, warmth, cold

Myelinated or thinly axons

Near base of hairs and elsewhere in skin

Question 20

Hair follicle receptors

Answer 20

Movement of hairs

Hair covered skin

Question 21

Meissners corpuscules

Answer 21

Respond to sudden displacement of skin, low frequency vibration (flutter)

Located in hairless areas

Question 22

Pacinian corpuscules

Answer 22

Respond to sudden displacement of skin, high frequency vibrations

Located both hairy and hairless skin

Question 23

Merkels disks

Answer 23

Respond to tangential forces across skin

Question 24

Rufino endings

Answer 24

Respond to stretch of skin

Question 25

Krause end bulbs

Answer 25

Respond to uncertain

Question 26

Dermatome

Answer 26

The skin area connected to or innervated by a single sensory spinal nerve

Question 27

Axons carrying pain information have little of no myelin true or false?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Label end line principle

Answer 28

Each receptor responds to a limited range of stimuli and sends a direct line to the brain

Question 29

Across fiber pattern

Answer 29

Each receptor responds to a wider range of stimuli and contributes to the perception of each of them

Question 30

Taste buds

Answer 30

Receptors on the tongue

Modified skin cells

Have excitable membranes that release neurotransmitters to excite neighboring neurons

Replaced constantly

Question 31

Papillae

Answer 31

Structures on the surface of the tongue that contain the taste buds

Question 32

Nucleus of the tractus solitarius

Answer 32

A structure in the medulla in which taste nerves project to

Projects information to various parts of the brain

Question 33

Olfactory cells

Answer 33

Neurons responsible for smell

Line the olfactory epithelium in the rear of the nasal passage

Question 34

Vomeronasal organ

Answer 34

A set of receptors located near the olfactory receptors that are sensitive to pheromones

Question 35

Synesthesia

Answer 35

The experience of one sense in response to stimulation of a different sense