Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
Relating to the line of union in an immovable articulation.
Sutural
A covering or layer
Tunic
A fossa is a …
Shallow depression
A gland is a secretory organ or structure that can manufacture ____
Secretions
A meatus is…
a passage or opening through a bone
A prominence or projection.
Eminence
A temporarily unossified area on the surface of the cranium of an infant.
Fontanel
Accessory (auxiliary) refers to a _______ structure that resembles a similar organ in structure and function.
Lesser
Albumin is…
A protein found in blood plasma
An anatomic landmark that appears as a blunt projection…
Protuberance
An organism whose right and left halves are similar images of each other…
Bilateral Symmetry
Anatomically speaking where does the heart lie with the relation to the lungs?
Medial
Anatomy is the branch of science dealing with the study of the ______ of the body.
Structure
Any small bone…
Ossicles
At right angles to another surface…
Perpendicular
At the hilus of the kidney, what is found there?
Renal vein, Renal artery, Ureter
Between which chambers of the heart is the tricuspid valve located?
Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
Bone embedded in a tendon…
Sesamoid bone
Curved protuberance a the end of a bone…
Condyle
Dilated channel for venous blood…
Sinus
Endocrine pertains to a ______ gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream.
Ductless
Entrance or exit of any anatomical surface…
Orifice
Exocrine pertains to a gland that delivers its secretion through _______.
A duct
Farther away from the point of attachment or from the trunk…
Distal
Generally, what would describe veins?
they are provided with valves
Group of organs arranged or the performance of a specific function
System
Heterocrine is a gland that has both _____ and _____ functions.
Endocrine/Exocrine
Histology is the study of…
Tissues
How are muscles attached to bone?
Tendons
How is most oxygen transported in the blood?
Bonded to hemoglobin in RBCs
How many arterial branches are associated with the ascending aorta?
2
How many bones are involved in the make-up of the human skeleton?
206
How many layers of the meninges are there?
Three
How many vertebrae are involved in the make-up the adult spinal column?
26
If all the cells and factors associated with clotting were removed from the blood, what would remain?
Serum
In anatomical study, what term describes the direction toward the foot end of the body?
Inferior
In hepatic portal circulation, blood from the digestive organs and spleen circulates through which organ before returning to what organ?
Liver/Heart
In internal respiration, how does oxygen diffuse?
Blood to the tissue fluid
In the blood, the blood cells make up ___% of total blood volume?
15%
In which chamber of the heart does systemic circulation begins?
Left Ventricle
Includes the arteries, capillaries, veins, and lymphatics.
Vascular System
Into which vessel does the internal jugular vein empty?
Brachiocephalic
Joint in which the bones are connected by fibrocartilage.
Symphasis
Membranous sac or receptacle for secretion or excretion.
Bladder
Membranous structure in a hollow organ or passage which closes and opens to permit flow of fluid in one direction.
Valve
Myology is the study of…
Muscles
Nearest to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body.
Proximal
Normal or abnormal bending away; an arc.
Curvature
Of the following arteries, which would be considered to be a singular artery?
A. Common iliac
B. Internal carotid
C. Brachiocephalic
D. Ovarian
Brachiocephalic
Of the following terms, what is the one that identifies as an important body cavity?
A. Cervical
B. Abdominal
C. Popliteal
D. Ventricular
Abdominal
On which of the following bones is the cribriform plate found?
Ethmoid
Openings of the nose…
Nares
Oral is pertaining to the ____
Mouth
Partition that divides the nasal cavities…
Nasal septum
Passageway in the temporal bone through which the internal carotid artery passes.
Carotid Canal
Pertaining to a sac-like structure.
Cystic
Pertaining to bile.
Biliary
Pertaining to or composed of vessels…
Vascular
Pertaining to or forming the wall of a cavity.
Parietal
Pertaining to or situated near the surface of the body or body part.
Superficial
Pertaining to the cheek bone…
Zygomatic
Pertaining to the front of the chest.
Pectoral
Pertaining to the middle; toward the median plane of the body…
Medial
Posterior or towards the back…
Dorsal
Reduction of harmful properties of a poisonous substance…
Detoxification
Referring to the organ system that carries out gas exchange…
Respiratory System
Refers to the front side of the body or structure.
Anterior (Ventral)
Relating to the cheek or the mouth…
Buccal
Resistance to flow of a liquid…
Viscosity
Ridges in the walls if the nasal cavity…
Cochae
Salivary pertains to the formation of ___
Saliva
Smooth muscle around the exit of the stomach into the duodenum.
Pyloric Sphincter
Study of the heart….
Cardiology
Suprarenal (adrenal) means located on the superior border of the ______.
Kidney
Sweating cools the body by what process?
Evaporation
The appendicular skeleton is made up of the pectoral girdle, ________, and ________ __________.
Upper and lower extremities
The axial skeleton is the central structure to which the ____ is attached…
Appendicular skeleton
The pubic symphysis is the slightly movable junction of the ____ portion of the os coxae…
Anterior
The colon is the part of the large intestine that begins with the ____ and ends with the ____
Ascending colon and Sigmoid colon
The connection between two or more bones. Another word for a joint.
Articulation
The digestive system tube that goes from the mouth to the anus.
Alimentary Canal
The external auditory meatus is the _________ opening of the ear or auditory canal.
Lateral/Inner
The function of the lymph nodes is to destroy pathogens in what area?
Lymph coming from the extremities
The Islets of Langerhans…
Cluster of cells in the pancreas that produce insulin
The lymph nodes that destroy pathogens in lymph returning from the arms are called…
Axillary
The malleus, incus, and stapes are within which of the following bones and what are they concerned with?
A. Maxilla/Hearing
B. Mandible/Hearing
C. Occipital bone/Hearing
D. Temporal bone/Hearing
Temporal bone/Hearing
The mandibular fossa is a depression in the _______ bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits.
Temporal
The organs that participate in the secretion, storage, and delivery of bile to the duodenum.
Biliary Tract
The pH or potential of hydrogen is a number signifying the ___ or ___ of a solution…
Acidity or Alkalinity
The pubic symphysis is the slightly movable junction of the ______ portion of the os coxae.
Anterior
The receptors for vision are located in which part of the eye?
Retina
The undersurface of an organ or a structure below another surface…
Inferior
The vermiform appendix is a worm shaped tube connected to the ____
Cecum
The vertebral artery is located as leaving which of the following arteries to supply blood to the Circle of Willis?
A. Subclavian
B. Internal carotid
C. External carotid
D. Axillary
Subclavian
To raise the vessels necessary to embalm one of the lower extremities, one will usually raise the femoral artery and femoral vein in what region?
Femoral triangle
To what organ is the cystic artery known to supply blood?
Gall bladder
Toward the central part of a structure, below the surface…
Deep
Union of two vessels going into the same body part…
Anastomoses
Urinary pertains to the secretion or storage of ____
Urine
Wall dividing two cavities…
Septum
Well defined parts of an organ separated by boundaries…
Lobes
What anatomical structure is found between the subclavian and axillary arteries?
1st Rib
What are serous fluids?
A fluid that prevents friction and is found between pleural membranes
What are the blood cells responsible for clotting?
Thrombocytes
What are the blood vessels that carry blood in the general direction of the heart?
Veins
What are the branches of the trachea?
Primary bronchi, one to each lung
What are the cells in the hemopoietic tissues that undergo mitosis to produce all the types of blood cells?
Stem Cells
What are the chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins?
Right and Left Atria
What are the elements of a carbohydrate?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
What are the layers of the eyeball, in order from the outermost?
Sclera, Choroid, Retina
What are the neurons that carry impulses from the CNS to effectors?
Motor neurons
What are the three major structural parts of a cell?
Plasma Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm
What are the two organ systems that are most responsible for protecting the body against pathogens?
Integumentary and Lymphatic
What are the visual receptors that detect color in the eye?
Cones
What are the WBCs that recognize foreign antigens and produce antibodies?
Lymphocytes
What are two hormones that help maintain normal blood pressure by maintaining normal blood volume?
ADH and Aldosterone
What artery is the continuation of the popliteal and extends to the top of the foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery?
Anterior tibial
What branch of the abdominal aorta creates a supply of blood to the stomach?
Celiac Trunk
What does the term phrenic refer to?
Diaphragm
What does the term visceral refer to?
Organs
What is a group of organs acting together to perform a single function?
System
What is a term that would describe glands that might secrete a hormone into the blood and put enzymes into the digestive tract?
Exocrine
What is another name for Pouparts ligament?
Inguinal
What is another name for red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
What is another name for the right atrio-ventricular valve?
Tricuspid
What is commonly found in veins below the level of the heart?
Valves
What is found to create the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Adductor Longus
What is the amber colored watery liquid that occupies the intercellular spaces of the tissues?
Tissue fluid
What is the artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral artery?
Basilar
What is the artery that begins as a continuation of the external iliac artery and terminates by becoming the popliteal artery?
Femoral Artery
What is the branch of the abdominal aorta that provides blood supply to the kidney?
Renal
What is the branch of the external carotid artery that ends by providing blood supply to the chin, lips and nose?
Facial
What is the branch of the external carotid that serves to provide blood supply the scalp immediately behind that ear?
Posterior Auricular
What is the branch of the internal carotid artery providing the blood supply to the eyes?
Ophthalmic
What is the clumping of bacteria by attached antibodies called?
Agglultination
What is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment?
External respiration
What is the fluid contained within the spaces surrounding the brain?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What is the function of cilia?
To sweep materials across a surface
What is the hereditary material of cells?
DNA
What is the imaginary, vertical plane that cuts through a cadaver, from side to side, at right angles to the mid-sagittal plane?
Coronal Plane
What is the innermost layer of the heart?
Endocardium
What is the largest salivary gland found in the body?
Parotid
What is the largest section of the brain?
Cerebrum
What is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity?
Peritoneum
What is the mineral in hemoglobin that bonds to the oxygen?
Iron
What is the name of the fetal blood vessel that carries blood from the placenta to the fetus?
Umbilical vein
What is the normal pH of living blood?
7.4
What is the part of the mandible and maxilla where the teeth are located?
Alveolar Process
What is the part of the stomach that creates the upper dome?
Fundus
What is the portion of the blood that is about 95% water?
Plasma
What is the process, by which a blood cell surrounds, engulfs and destroys foreign substances in the blood?
Phagocytosis
What is the purpose of the coronary vessels?
Supply the heart with oxygenated blood
What is the space between two neurons where a neurotransmitter carries the impulse?
Synapse
What is the term to describe the orifice located between the esophagus and the stomach?
Cardiac Orifice
What is the term used to describe a hole in a bone?
Foramen
What is the term used to describe the outer layer of the pericardial membranes?
Fibrous Pericardium
What is the valve located in the orifice between the stomach and small intestine?
Pyloric
What is the vein which begins as a continuation of the axillary vein and terminated by uniting with the internal jugular vein to become the brachiocephalic vein?
Subclavian vein
What is the vessel on the medial side of the forearm that is formed by the bifurcation of the brachial artery?
Ulnar artery
What is the vessel which originates on the lateral side of the foot and terminated by draining in to the popliteal vein?
Lesser Saphenous vein
What organ is the internal carotid artery is most closely associated with providing blood supply?
Brain
What part of the brain regulates body temperature and the autonomic nervous system?
Hypothalamus
What part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement?
Cerebellum
What part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement?
Cerebellum
What regulates the size of the pupil?
Iris
What term is used to describe a cavity in some bones?
Antrum
What term is used to describe the fluid that is contained within the spaces surrounding the brain?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What term is used to describe the study of the function of the body?
Physiology
What term is used to mean the same thing as white blood cells?
Leukocytes
What two systems use the pharynx?
Digestive and respiratory
What type of body joints are said to be freely movable?
Diarthrosis
What type of gland would the pancreas be classified as?
Exocrine?
What type of gland would the pancreas be classified as?
Heterocrine
What vessel is found to originate as the 3rd branch of the aortic arch?
Left Subclavian
What vessel originates as one of the branches of the brachiocephalic artery and terminates by becoming the axillary artery?
Right subclavian Artery
What vessel provides the origin for the ovarian and testicular arteries?
Abdominal aorta
When blood exits the left ventricle of the heart, what/where does the blood enter?
Aorta
Where are the auditory ossicles located?
Temporal Bone
Where are the parietal pleura found?
Lining of the chest cavity
Where are the receptors for hearing and equilibrium located?
Inner Ear
Where do capillaries carry blood from?
Arterioles to Venules
Where does the external jugular vein terminate?
Subclavian Vein
Where is red bone marrow found in the body?
Spongy bone in flat and irregular bones
What type of elementary tissue is blood?
Connective
Where is the exchange of gases found in internal respiration?
Systemic capillaries and body tissues
Where is the parietal pleura found?
Lining the chest cavity
Where will most of the blood volume of the body at any given time be found?
Capillaries
Where would the masseter muscle be located?
Cheek
Which blood cells are responsible for coagulation of blood?
Platelets
Which bone contains auditory muscles?
Temporal
Which cranial nerve decreases heart rate when stimulated?
Vagus
Which is the first part of the ear to vibrate with sound waves?
Eardrum
Which lymph vessel returns lymph to the left subclavian vein?
Thoracic Duct
Which membrane is NOT paired with its proper location?
A. Parietal pleura–lines the thoracic cavity
B. Peritoneum–lines abdominal organs
C. Meninges–lines the cranial cavity
D. Visceral pleura–covers the lungs
Meninges – Lines the cranial cavity
Which mineral is needed for chemical clotting of blood?
Calcium
Which of the following arteries are found in the palm of the hand?
A. Greater arches
B. Lesser arches
C. Plantar
D. Volar
Volar
Which of the following arteries are paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?
Suprarenal
Which of the following descriptions is accurate for the right lung?
A. is smaller than the left
B. is larger than the left
C. has two lobes
D. has one lobe
Is larger than the left
Which of the following glands is an example of an exocrine gland?
A. Thyroid
B. Pituitary
C. Adrenal
D. Salivary
Salivary
Which of the following hormones lowers blood glucose levels y enabling cells to take in glucose?
A. Cortisol
B. Glucagon
C. Growth Hormone
D. Insulin
Insulin
Which of the following is a paired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta?
A. Esophageal
B. Pericardial
C. Suprarenal
D. Superior mesenteric
C. Suprarenal
Which of the following is the artery that branches to supply blood flow to the descending colon and sigmoid colon?
Inferior Mesenteric
Which of the following is the correct description of the location of a layer of meninges?
A. Middle – Pia mater
B. Middle – Dura mater
C. Inner – Pia mater
D. Outer – Pia mater
Inner – Pia mater
Which of the following is true of an endocrine duct?
A. There are four ducts
B. There is no duct
C. There is no blood supply
D. There is no secretion
There is no duct
Which of the following products is the waste from cell respiration?
A. ATP
B. carbon dioxide
C. water
D. heat
Carbon Dioxide
Which of the following senses is the olfactory nerve associated?
Smell
Which of the following state mets describes what occurs when a muscles contracts?
A. Shortens and pushes or pulls the bone
B. Shortens and pulls the bone
C. Lengthens and pulls a bone
D. Shortens and pulls then pushes a bone
Shortens and pushes or pulls a bone
Which of the following statements describes the endocardium that lines the chambers of the heart?
A. it prevents friction when the heart beats
B. it prevents backflow of blood into the lungs
C. it helps pump blood out of the heart
D. is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting in the heart
D. is smooth to prevent abnormal clotting in the heart
Which of the following systems of the body includes the brains?
A. Central nervous system
B. Peripheral nervous system
C. Muscular system
D. Circulatory system
Central nervous system
Which of the following terms describes the vessel into which the left ventricle pumps blood?
A. pulmonary vein
B. superior vena cava
C. pulmonary artery
D. aorta
Aorta
Which of the following terms refers to the oxygen carrying protein of RBCs
Hemoglobin
Which of the following vessels entering the heart that provides for the drainage from the abdomen and the lower extremities?
A. Abdominal aorta
B. Common iliac
C. Superior vena cava
D. Inferior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Which of the following vessels receives blood from the celiac axis artery?
1. Liver 2. Stomach 3. Spleen 4. Cecum
1, 2, and 3
Which of these is a bone of the face?
A. Vomer
B. Ethmoid
C. Frontal
D. Temporal
Vomer
Which of these is a bone of the upper jaw?
A. vomer
B. lacrimal
C. zygoma
D. maxilla
Maxilla
Which of these joints is not a freely moveable joint?
A. Symphysis
B. Pivot
C. Saddle
D. Hinge
Symphysis
Which part of the brain initiates voluntary movement in the body?
Frontal Lobe
Which spinal nerve group is matched with its correct number of pairs?
Lumbar - 5
Which statement is true of cells?
A. Cells are the smallest living subunits or structure and function
B. The human body contains few types of cells
C. Cells are not made of inorganic chemicals
D. A group of cells with similar structure and function is called an organ
Cells are the smallest living subunits of structure and function
Which term best describes the direction toward the head of the body?
Superior
Which term describes the middle region of the abdomen?
Umbilical
Which vein begins as a continuation of the axillary vein and terminates by uniting with the internal jugular to become the brachiocephalic vein?
Subclavian Vein
Which veins of the body return embalming drainage to the right atrium?
Superior and Inferior vena cava
Who is credited with the discovery of the circulation of blood?
William Harvey
With which bone would the ramus be associated?
Mandible
With which muscles is the galea aponeurotica associated?
Occiptofrontalis
Within or on the inside of the body…
Internal
used to describe muscles that bend body parts?
Flexors
Which of the following joints is an example of a ball and socket?
A. femur and tibia
B. scapula and ulna
C. tibia and fibula
D. femur and hip bone
Femur and hip bone
What is the imaginary, vertical plane that cuts through a cadaver, from side to side, at right angles to the mid-sagittal plane?
Coronal Plane
What are the minute tendinous chords that attach the atria-ventricular valves of the heart to the papillary muscles?
Chordae Tendineae
What is the process whereby oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide at the level of a body cell?
Internal Respiration
What is the blood vessel entering the heart, which provides for the drainage from the head and upper extremities?
Superior Vena Cava
What is the branch of the arch of the aorta which provides the blood supply to the right upper extremity?
Innominate
Situated at or pertaining to a center point.
Central
When there is a rupture in the vascular system, what blood cells would be responsible for clotting?
Thrombocytes
What is a term that would describe glands that might secrete a hormone into the blood and put enzymes into the digestive tract?
Heterocrine
What is the space between two neurons where a neurotransmitter carries the impulse?
Synapse
Which of the following arteries is involved in the make-up of the Circle of Willis?
