Chapters 5,6,7,8 Study Guide Flashcards
Alimentary Canal
muscular tube extending through the entire body, from the mouth to the anal canal and is approximately 29-30 feet long
Anterior Nares
Oval shaped holes at the base of the nose that provide an entryway into the nose (nostrils)
Anus
the external opening of the anal canal where waste products leave the body
Ascending Colon
located on the right side of the abdomen, from the cecum up towards the liver
What is the average capacity of the human bladder
700-800 Milliliters
Bile
comes from the liver and is a digestive juice which is transported to the duodenum through the bile ducts. it emulsifies fat globules or breaks them down into smaller particles so other digestives enzymes can work effectively
Buccal Cavity
the mouth consists of the vestibule, the hard palate, the soft palate, and tongue
Chemical Digestion
enzymes splitting large molecules into smaller ones capable of being absorbed through the walls of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymph vessels
What are the chief organs of the Urinary System
The kidneys
At what age do children lose their deciduous teeth?
around age 6 and near age 12 have permanent teeth
Descending Colon
down the left side of the abdomen
Digestion
breaking down ingested food into simpler products suitable for absorption, then metabolized by the body
Accessory organs of the Digestive System
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Salivary Glands
- Liver
- Gallbladder
6.Pancreas
Esophagus
a muscular tube approx. 10 inches long which serves as a passageway for food between the pharynx and stomach. It’s only function is delivery. The esophagus passes through one of the main openings of the diaphragm in order to reach the stomach which is called the esophageal orifice
Eustachian Tubes
located in the nasopharynx there are 2 openings into the auditory tubes these are passageways which connect the middle ear to the throat and allow for the equalization of pressure between the middle ear and the outside of the body
External Respiration
respiration happens in 2 distinct locations. one in the capillary beds of the lungs where the exchange of metabolic gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) occur
How long is the female menstrual cycle?
The average length is 28 days
How long is the female urethra?
1 1/2 inches long
How long is the male urethra?
Averages about 8 inches in length
Insulin
The endocrine section of the pancreas is insulin. Insulin is given off directly into the bloodstream and is important in metabolizing carbohydrates by the cells of the body
Internal Respiration
oxygen taken in by the red blood cells and carbon dioxide is given off respiration that takes place when red cells gives up oxygen to individual body cells and take on carbon dioxide
Kidney Pelvis
the upper expanded part of the ureter and serves as a collecting basin for urine which is funneled out of the kidney
What is the largest gland in the body?
The liver
Laryngopharynx
the inferior segment named because it communicates with the larynx or voice box of the respiratory system
Mechanical Digestion
the physical pulverization of food by chewing to break into smaller bits, then swallowing it and having the smooth muscles in the walls of the digestive tract churn the food up so that it will be satisfactory mixed with with the chemical enzymes present in the tract
Parotid Glands
The parotid glands are two salivary glands that sit just in front of the ears. There is one on each side of the face. Salivary glands make saliva to help with chewing and digesting food. There are many salivary glands in the lips, cheeks, mouth and throat.
para = in the vicinity of + oto = ear
located in the posterior lower jaw area, just in front of the lower part of the ear
What is the purpose of a mature follicle?
also known as a Graafian follicle. this starts as an ovum from the ovaries and eventually matures once mature it breaks through the wall of the ovary in the ovulation process and will migrate to the fallopian tube to be fertelized by sperm
Serosa
the outer layer of serous membrane. In the abdominal area this membrane is also known as visceral peritoneum. One particular section of peritoneum which anchors the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, and transmits vessels and nerves, is known as mesentery
Sigmoid Colon
from the lower left part of the abdomen over to the midline of the body where it terminates by joining the rectum
Teeth
specialized organ for biting, chewing , and tearing food and are located in the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible
Testes
paired oval shaped glands contained within the scrotum and is significant in the production and development of spermatozoa the location of the testes is ideal because sperm is partially dependent on a temp range of 1-3 centigrade cooler than that of the pelvic cavity
Tongue
highly mobile, muscular organ which occupies the floor of the oral cavity. Important in voice production, aids in the process of mastication (chewing)
Trachea
aka the windpipe and is located immediately below the larynx partially in the cervical region and partially in the thoracic cavity about 4 1/2 inches long the trachea is formed of a stack of c shaped cartilage rings lined with mucous membrane
Transverse Colon
across the upper abdomen from the area of the liver over toward the spleen in the upper left abdomen
What percentage of urine is water?
95% water and 5% waste product
What hormone is produced by the testes?
Testosterone
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Estrogen and Progesterone
What makes up the urinary system?
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys form the urine and account for the other functions attributed to the urinary system. The ureters carry the urine away from kidneys to the urinary bladder, which is a temporary reservoir for the urine.
What produces spermatozoa?
The testes
Where does a fetus develop?
The uterus
Where is the liver?
The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines.
Zygote
A fertilized ovum
