Chapter 5: The Digestive System

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

breaking down ingested food into simpler products suitable for absorption, then metabolized by the body

Question 2

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 2

the physical pulverization of food by chewing to break into smaller bits, then swallowing it and having the smooth muscles in the walls of the digestive tract churn the food up so that it will be satisfactory mixed with with the chemical enzymes present in the tract

Question 3

Chemical Digestion

Answer 3

enzymes splitting large molecules into smaller ones capable of being absorbed through the walls of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymph vessels

Question 4

Two main groups of the digestive system

Answer 4

alimentary canal and gastro-intestinal tract

Question 5

Alimentary Canal

Answer 5

muscular tube extending through the entire body, from the mouth to the anal canal and is approximately 29-30 feet long

Question 6

The general structures of the walls of the digestive tract

Answer 6

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa

Question 7

Mucosa

Answer 7

the inner lining of mucous membrane

Question 8

Submucosa

Answer 8

the connective tissue layer underneath the mucous membrane, which contains many blood vessels, lymph tissue, and nerve endings

Question 9

Muscularis

Answer 9

two layers of smooth muscle tissue, one arranged in circular rings around the tube, and the other in longitudinal fashion. Contracts of these muscle layers, called peristalsis, is what helps propel the contents of the digestive tract along

Question 10

Serosa

Answer 10

the outer layer of serous membrane. In the abdominal area this membrane is also known as visceral peritoneum. One particular section of peritoneum which anchors the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, and transmits vessels and nerves, is known as mesentery

Question 11

Vestibule

Answer 11

the portion of the mouth between the teeth and lips and cheeks

Question 12

Hard Palate

Answer 12

the bony roof of the mouth, made up of the palatine part of the maxilla plus the palatines bones

Question 13

Soft Palate

Answer 13

posterior to the hard palate, an area of fibrous and muscular tissue, behind which the nasal cavity communicates with the upper part of the throat.

Question 14

Uvula

Answer 14

projects down from the soft palate, small finger like projection

Question 15

Tongue

Answer 15

highly mobile, muscular organ which occupies the floor of the oral cavity. Important in voice production, aids in the process of mastication (chewing)

Question 16

Tonsils

Answer 16

masses of lymphoid tissue located in the posterior, lateral part of the mouth (palatine tonsils) on the tongue (lingual tonsils) and on the upper part of the throat ( pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids)

Question 17

3 parts of the Salivary Glands

Answer 17

1. Parotid
2. Sublingual
3. Submandibular

Question 18

Parotid Glands

Answer 18

para = in the vicinity of + oto = ear
located in the posterior lower jaw area, just in front of the lower part of the ear

Question 19

Sublingual Glands

Answer 19

sub = under + lingual = tongue
located on the floor of the oral cavity, under the tongue

Question 20

Submandibular Glands

Answer 20

located behind and beneath the body of the mandible, slightly posterior to the sublingual glands

Question 21

Main parts of the tooth

Answer 21

1. Crown - the visible portion above the surface, covered in enamel
2. Neck - the part behind the gums
3. Root - elongated section fitting dow into socket in the bone

Question 22

Tooth

Answer 22

specialized organ for biting, chewing , and tearing food and are located in the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible

Question 23

Deciduous/Milk Teeth

Answer 23

first set of teeth which develop in a child, generally between 6 months and 2 years of age

Question 24

Incisors

Answer 24

the front teeth, 4 top and 4 bottom. Have sharp edges adapted for cutting into food

Question 25

Canine

Answer 25

2 top, 2 bottom. more pointed and are suited for tearing food, particularly in animals

Question 26

Molars

Answer 26

the back teeth, 4 top, 4 bottom and have flatter surfaces for the grinding of food products

Question 27

Pharynx

Answer 27

throat- described as a funnel shaped organ which is situated on the anterior surface of cervical vertebrae. Known as a duel organ because its common in the respiratory and digestive system. Normally divided into 3 anatomical divisions
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 28

Nasopharynx

Answer 28

upper portion which communicates with the nasal passages. located in the nasopharynx are the 2 openings into the auditory or eustachian tubes

Question 29

Oropharynx

Answer 29

the middle section behind the mouth

Question 30

Laryngopharynx

Answer 30

The inferior segment named because it communicates with the larynx or voice box of the respiratory system

Question 30

Esophagus

Answer 30

muscular tube approximately 10 inches long which serve as the passageway for food between the pharynx and stomach

Question 31

Peristalsis

Answer 31

when swallowing occurs waves of muscle contractions help to move the food through the esophagus and into the stomach