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Anatomy for Funeral Service > Chapter 1: Intro to Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Intro to Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Subdivisions

Gross Anatomy

A

the study of the body with the unaided eye.

Observations made without a microscope

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2
Q

Subdivisions

Microscopic/Histology Anatomy

A

the study of the body with aide of a microscope

Micro = Tissue Cyto = Cell Ology = study of

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3
Q

Subdivisions

Systemic Anatomy

A

study of individual organs and systems

Ex: Digestive System and Respiratory System

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4
Q

Subdivisions

Regional Anatomy

A

the study of some particular body region as a seperate unit

Ex: study of head or chest area

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5
Q

Subdivisions

Topographical (Surface) Anatomy

A

the study of surface shape and form of the human body, and the ability to use this knowledge of surface form to locate underlying structures

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6
Q

Subdivisions

Developmental/Embryology Anatomy

A

the study of the body before birth, fromits earliest beginnings as a fertilized egg until time of birth

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7
Q

Subdivisions

Pathological/Human Pathology Anatomy

A

the study of structural and functional changes which occur in the body a a result of disease

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8
Q

Subdivisions

Human Physiology Anatomy

A

the study of function of the body and its parts

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9
Q

Subdivision: Gross Anatomy

Section 1

A
  • Cranium: dome of skull
  • Face
    1. Oral/Buccal (Mouth)
    2. Nasal Cavity
    3. Orbital Cavities (Eye Sockets)
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10
Q

Subdivision: Gross Anatomy

Section 2

A

Neck and Cervical Region

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11
Q

Subdivision: Gross Anatomy

Section 3

A

Trunk/Torso
1. Thorax
2. Abdomen
3. Pelvis

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12
Q

Subdivision: Gross Anatomy

Section 4

A

Upper Extermities
1. Arms
2. Pectoral Girdle
* Shoulder Blades
* Collar Bones

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13
Q

Subdivisions: Gross Anatomy

Section 5

A

Lower Extermities
1. Legs
2. Pelvis Girdle
* Hip Bones

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14
Q

Gross Anatomy: Body Cavities

Dorsal Cavity

A

the main body cavity. Made up of the cranial cavity within the skull containing the brain, and the spinal cavity within the vertebral column, containing the spinal cord.

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15
Q

Gross Anatomy: Body Cavities

Ventral Cavity

A

the large cavity contained within the trunk of the body. It contains many subdivisions.
1. Thoracic Cavity
* Pleural Cavities
* Pericardial Cavity
* Mediastinal Cavity (Mediastinum)
2. Abdominopelvic Cavity
* Abdominal Cavity
* Pelvic Cavity

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16
Q

Gross Anatomy: Ventral Cavity Subdivisions

Thoracic Cavity

A

the upper part of the torso/trunk, within the chest area. Includes the pleural cavities, pericardial cavity, and the mediastinal cavity (mediastinum)

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17
Q

Ventral Cavity: Thoracic Cavity

Pleural Cavities

A

the spaces around the lungs, between the two layers of pleura, which are serous membranes covering over each lung

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18
Q

Ventral Cavity: Thoracic Cavity

Pericardial Cavity

A

the space around the heart, between the two layers of pericardium, which is a “sac-like” structure covering the heart

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19
Q

Ventral Cavity: Thoracic Cavity

Mediastinal Cavity (Mediastinum)

A

the area in the center of the thorax, from the base of the neck to the diaphram, and inbetween the lungs

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20
Q

Body Cavties: Ventral Cavities Subdivisions

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

the part of the ventral cavity below the diaphragm. Although, no wall seperates the two this cavity also includes the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity, and the peritoneal cavity

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21
Q

Ventral Cavity: Abdominopelvic Cavity

Abdominal Cavity

A

the upper part of the abdominopelvic cavity, below the diaphragm and down to approximately the top of the hip bones

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22
Q

Ventral Cavity: Abdominopelvic Cavity

Pelvic Cavity

A

the lower part of the abdominopelvic cavity, contained within the pelvis

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23
Q

Ventral Cavity: Abdominopelvic Cavity

Peritoneal Cavity

A

a two layered serous membrane. It covers over and around many organs in the abdominopelvic cavity holding them in place, transmitting nerves/vessels. Secretes serous fluid which helps lubricate/moisten the parts it comes in contact with.

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24
Q

Topographical (Surface) Anatomy

Linear Guide

A

an imaginary line drawn on the surface of the body which represents the approximate location of some deeper, underlying structure

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25
# Topographical (Surface) Anatomy Anatomical Guide
defined as any surface, prominence, or structure used in locating an adjacent structure or prominence. | One piece of anatomy is used to find another
26
# Topographical (Surface) Anatomy Anatomical Limits
the point of origin and point of termination of a structure, such as a blood vessel, in relation to adjacent structures. | a blood vessel courses through body, hits certain point it changes name
27
# Regional Anatomy: Abdominal-Pelvic 4 Region Plane
1. Upper Right 2. Upper Left 3. Lower Right 4. Lower Left
28
# Regional Anatomy: Abdominal-Pelvic 9 Quadrant Plane
1. Right Hypocondriac 2. Epigastric 3. Left Hypocondriac 4. Right Lumbar 5. Umbilical 6. Left Lumbar 7. Right Iliac (Inguinal) 8. Hypogastric (Pubic) 9. Left Iliac (inguinal)
29
# Regional Anatomy: 9 Quadrant Regions Superior Lateral Regions
1. Right Hypocondriac 3. Left Hypocondriac
30
# Regional Anatomy: 9 Quadrant Regions Superior Middle Region
2. Epigastric Region
31
# Regional Anatomy: 9 Quadrant Regions Lateral to Umbilical Region
4. Right Lumbar Region 6. Left Lumbar Region
32
# Regional Anatomy: 9 Quadrant Regions Middle Region
Umbilical Region
33
# Regional Anatomy: 9 Quadrant Regions Inferior Lateral Regions
7. Right Iliac 9. Left Iliac
34
# Regional Anatomy: 9 Quadrant Regions Inferior Middle Region
Hypogastric Region
35
# Body Organization What do we find at the cellular level?
1. Irritablity or ability to respond to a stimuls 2. ability to take in food and water 3. abiity to give off waste products 4. abiity to grow and mature 5. ability to reproduce
36
# Body Organization What are cells?
* the smallest, functional units of organization in the body * Protoplasm- highly specialized product that is a combination of various chemical elements organized into units known as **cells.
37
# Body Organization 1st Level of Organization
The chemical level * includes all atoms and molecules that come together to form the various chemical substances needed to maintain life.
38
# Body Organization 2nd Level of Organization
Cells
39
# Body Organization 3rd Level of Organization
Tissue * refers to a group of similar cells arranged for the performance of some particular funtion. * Can be broken down into 4 subdivisions | Ex: Muscle Cells = Movement
40
# Body Organization: Tissue Subdivision Epithelial Tissue
* is found covering the outer surface of many body parts and lining the inner surfaces of body cavities and organs * the variety of tissue which is involved in forming secretions produced by glands
41
# Body Organization: Epithelial Tissue Types What are the types of Epithelial tissue?
1. Squamous Epithelium * Flat, thin 2. Columnar Epithelium * long, tall 3. Cubodial Epithelium * Cube shaped 4. Stratisfied Epithelium * Layers, any of these tissues can be stratsfied s long as it's in layers
42
# Body Organization: Epithelial Tissue Subdivision Membranes
Any thin, sheet like expanse of tissue 1. Mucous Membranes * line body cavities that open out to the surface of the body. They secrete mucous. (Mouth,Nasal,Trachea) 2. Serous Membrane * lines closed body cavities, secretes serum/serus fluid which pevents friction
43
# Body Organization: Tissue Subdivision Connective Tissue
connects, supports, and binds body parts together. More intracellular space between cells, not as tightly packed as Epithelial
44
# Body Organization: Connective Tissue Subdivision What are the types of Connective Tissue?
1. Areolar (loose) Connective tissue 2. Adipose (fatty) Tissue 3. Fibrous Connective Tissue 4. Bone 5. Cartilage 6. Hemopoietic (blood forming) tissue
45
# Body Organization: Connective Tissue Subdivision Areolar (Loose) Connective Tissue
variety of scattared, irregular fibers embedded in a soft, gel-like base (hyaluronic acid) it serves as glue which binds together many other body tissues
46
# Body Organization: Connective Tissue Subdivision Adipose ( Fatty ) Tissue
a type of connective tissue specialized for storing fat
46
# Body Organization: Connective Tissue Subdivision Fibrous Connective Tissue
strong, fibrous bundles of tissue, which provide great strength and support (tendons, ligaments, fascia)
47
# Body Organization: Connective Tissue Subdivision Bone
hardened, calcified connective tissue
47
# Body Organizaton: Connective Tissue Subdivisions Cartilage
made up of softer, more flexible consistency than bone
48
# Body Organization: Connective Tissue Subdivision Hemopoietic (Blood Forming) Tissue
also the blood itself. specialized tissue found in red bone marrow, and in such areas as the spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes. blood is a liquified connective tissue
49
# Body Organization: Connective Tissue Subdivision Fascia
thin sheets that enclose and seperate muscles, other interal organs, keeps muscle fibers bundled together
50
# Body Organization: Tissue Subdivision Muscle Tissue
it is responsible of the movement of body parts
51
# Body Organization: Tissue Subdivision Nervous Tissue
makes up the various parts of the nervous system which receives stimuli, conducts impulses, and has overall control of the various bodily functions
52
# Body Organization 4th Level of Organization
Organs
53
# Body Organization Organs
a group of tissues arranged for the performance of some function
54
# Body Organization 5th Level of Organization
Systems
55
# Body Organization: Systems Systems
a group of organs arranged for the performance of ome particular function
56
# Body Organization: Systems Skeletal System
bones, cartilage, and ligaments which provide support and protection to the body
57
# Body Organization: Systems Circulatory System
the heart, blood, and blood vessles. plus, the lymphatic system serving to transport gases, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body along with preventing it from disease
58
# Body Organization: Systems Muscular Systems
all of the bodys muscles which are concerned primarily with movement of body parts
59
# Body Organization: Systems Endocrine System
group of glands which give off secretions which serve as chemical regulators of various bodily functions
60
# Body Organization: Systems Nervous System
the brain, spinal cord, and nerves which have overall control over bodily functions and serve to coordinate the performance of tasks by various cells, tissue, and organs in the body
61
# Body Organization: Systems Digestive System
various organs concerned with the taking in of food products, breaking them down so nutriants can be absorbed, and the elimination of soil and waste products
62
# Body Organization: Systems Urinary System
the kidneys and related organs which serve to clean waste product from the blood and maintain proper fluid and chemical balances in the body
63
# Body Organization: Systems Respiratory System
the lungs and other organa concerned with taking in oxygen and the elimination of other respiratory gases
64
# Body Organization: Systems Reproductive System
organs both male and female which are involved in the reproduction of the species and the development of sexual characteristics
65
# Body Organization: Systems Integumentary System
the skin and its components which are involved in covering and protecting the body as a whole, as well as such funtions as temperature regulation and acting as a sensory organ
66
# Body Organization 6th level of organization
An organism/human
67
# Anatomical Position: Planes Anatomical Position
body is erect, facing the observer, with arms at the side, and palms of hands turned forward
68
# Anatomical Position: Planes Sagittal Plane
cuts the body from front to back resulting in left and right parts 1. Mid-Sagittal (Median) Plane * Cuts body into equal L and R parts * Bi-Lateral Plane refers to the fact that only the median plane can divide body into equal halves. 2. Parasagittal Plane * Vertical cut that is off center, dividing the body into L and R unequal halves
69
# Anatomical Position: Planes Frontal/Coronal Plane
vertical plane that divides the body from side to side at right angles to the median plane which results in front and back of body
70
# Anatomical Postions: Planes Horizontal/Transverse/ Cross Planes
cuts body horizontally, crosswise, results in upper and lower parts
71
# Directional Terms Medial and Lateral
1. Medial * refers to something located towards the midline/median plane of the body 2. Lateral * refers to location away from median plane or toward the sides of the body or body part
72
# Directional Terms * Superior, Cranial, Cephalic **and** * Inferior, Caudal
1. Superior, Cranial, Cephalic * located towards the head or upper part of body 2. Inferior, Caudal * refers to "tail" or to lower part of body
73
# Directional Terms 1. Anterior, Ventral **and** 2. Posterior, Dorsal
1. Anterior, Ventral * used to mean towards front of the body 2. Posterior, Dorsal * towards the back of the body
74
# Directional Terms Deep, Central, Internal
refer to something which is located towards the interior, or center of the body or body part, and away from the surface
75
# Directional Terms Superficial, External, Peripheral
towards the surface, or edges of the body or part
76
# Directional Terms Visceral
refers to organs contained within the body cavities
77
# Directional Terms Parietal
refers to the walls of the body cavity
78
# Directional Terms Proximial and Distal
1. Proximial * referring to something located towards or closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body 2. Distal * farther away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
79
# Directional Terms Prone and Supine
1. Prone * position of body when laying face down 2. Supine * refers to body when layng face up these terms are also used to describe hand positions palms up (Supine) palms down (Prone)
80
# Parts of a Cell Nucleus
controls most cellular activities, reproduction, protein synthesis, and contains the cell's genetic material which determines a person's various charateristics
81
# Parts of a Cell Cytoplasm
the protoplasm of a cell which lies between the nucleus and the cell membrane. The cell membrane houses the ribisomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and centrioles
82
# Parts of a Cell: Cytoplasm Cell Membrane
contains numerous small structures or "organelles" which perform various cellular activities like the jobs of the ribisomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and centrioles
83
# Parts of a Cell: Cytoplasm Ribisomes
synthesize proteins
84
# Parts of a Cell: Cytoplasm Mitochondria
"power house" of the cell- produces energy
85
# Parts of a Cell: Cytoplasm Lysosomes
contain enzymes which digest substances brought into the cell
86
# Parts of a Cell: Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum
series of membranes forming canals which transport nutrients and other materials through the cell
87
# Parts of a Cell: Cytoplasm Centrioles
important in cell division and reproduction
88
# Parts of a Cell Plasma (cell) Membrane
forms outer boundry of the cell, keeps the cell intact, and regulates the passage of fluids and other substances in and out of the cell, only certain substances can enter and leave, sometimes described as a semi-permeable membrane

Anatomy for Funeral Service (16 decks)

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