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Anatomy for Funeral Service > Chapter 4: The Muscles > Flashcards

Chapter 4: The Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of Skeletal Muscles

Origin

A

the end of a muscle which is attached to the less movable or fixed joint. The point of muscle attatchment that moves the least.

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2
Q

Structure of Skeletal Muscle

Insertion

A

the end of the muscle which is attached to the more movable bone

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3
Q

Structure of Skeletal Muscles

Body

A

“belly” the main, fleshy portion of the muscle

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4
Q

Structure of Skeletal Muscles

Proximal End

A

the orgin of a muscle

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5
Q

Structure of Skeletal Muscles

Distal End

A

the insertion

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6
Q

Muscle Actions

Abduction

A

moving a body part away from the midplane of the body

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7
Q

Muscle Actions

Adduction

A

moving a body part towards the midplane of the body

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8
Q

Muscle Actions

Flexion

A

bending a body part/increasing angle between 2 bones.

Flexors

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9
Q

Muscle Actions

Extension

A

to straighten out a body part

Extensors

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10
Q

Muscle Actions

Pronation

A

movement of the palm of the hand from forward/upward facing position to backward/downward facing position

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11
Q

Muscle Actions

Supination

A

movement of palm of hands from backward/downward position to forward/upward position

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12
Q

Muscle Action

Elevation

A

lifting a body part up

Elevators

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13
Q

Muscle Action

Depression

A

downward movement/lowering of a body part

Depressors

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14
Q

Muscle Actions

Rotation

A

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

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15
Q

Muscle Actions

Constriction

A

Squeezing closed

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16
Q

Muscle Actions

Dialation

A

opening/widening

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17
Q

Muscle Actions

Circumduction

A

turning or swinging a body part in a circular fashion

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18
Q

Muscle Actions

Protraction

A

forward movement

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19
Q

Muscle Actions

Retraction

A

backwards movement

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20
Q

Muscle Actions

Eversion

A

outward movement of the sole of the foot

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21
Q

Muscle Actions

Inversion

A

inward movement of the sole of the foot

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22
Q

Types of Muscles

Skeletal

A

voluntary muscles, striated, attatched to skeleton

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23
Q

Types of Muscles

Smooth

A

non-striated, involuntary, found in various organs which work automatically

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24
Q

Types of Muscles

Cardiac

A

found in heart, has striations, involuntary

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25
Q

Types of Muscles

Quadrilateral

A

fibers are parallel and run directly from the origin to their insertion

26
Q

Types of Mucles

Sphincter

A

an encircling muscle that surrounds a natural orfice. In eyes, mouth, and anus.

27
Q

Types of Muscles

Double Bellied

A

2 fleshy portions that are seperated by a tendon or aponeurosis, some in eye socket, some in neck

28
Q

Types of Muscles

Aponeurosis

A

a flattened ribbon shaped tendon

29
Q

Muscles of the Cranium

What muslces reside in the cranium?

A
  • Occipitofrontalis (Epicranius) [1]
  • Temporalis (2)
30
Q

Muscles of the Cranium

Occipitofrontalis (Epicranius)

A
  • large muscle covering the top/sides of the skull
  • composed of 2 broad bellies connected by a large aponerosis called the galea aponeurotica
  • its origin is the superior line of the occipital bone and mastoid portion of the temporal bone
31
Q

Muscles of the Cranium

Temporalis

A
  • Broad, radiating muscle shaped like a fan
  • origin is in the temporal fossa, retracts the lower jaw/brings teeth together
  • strongest chewing muscle (mastication)
32
Q

Muscles of the Face

What muscles reside in the face?

A
  1. Zygomaticus Major
  2. Levator Anguli Oris
  3. Buccinator (trumpeters muscle)
  4. Risorius
  5. Masseter
  6. Levator Palperae Superioris
  7. Corrugator
  8. Orbicularis Oculi
33
Q

Muscles of the Face

Zygomaticus Major

A
  • Known as the laughing muscle
  • located lateral to the Quadratus Labii Superioris and decend obliquely from the posterior portion of the Zygomatic bone to angle of mouth
    Function
  • draws the angle of mouth posteriorly and superiorly
34
Q

Muscles of the Face

Levator Anguli Oris

A
  • located in the region of the canine teeth
  • run from canine teeth to the angles of mouth/elevate angles of mouth
35
Q

Muscles of the Face

Buccinator (trumpeters muscle)

A
  • thin quadrilateral muscle in soft areas of the cheek
  • principle muscle of the cheek/forms the lateral walls of mouth
    Function
  • Responsible for compressing cheek
36
Q

Muscles of Face

Risorius

A
  • narrow superficial muscle running horizontally across cheek to angle of mouth
    Function
  • retracts the angle of mouth - an action which is antagonistic to the buccinator muscle
37
Q

Muscles of the Face

Masseter

A
  • located on sides of face
  • originate on anterior 2/3rds of the Zygomatic arch (lower portion of cheekbone) extening downward (posteriorly to the angles of the jaw (lower part of the ramus)
    Function
  • Help in chewing, raise/lower jaw
38
Q

Muscles of the Face

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A
  • narrow, tendnious muscles located deep in the eye sockets at the small wings of Sphenoid bone.
  • ends in wide aponeurosis
    Function
  • raise upper eyelid
39
Q

Muscles of the Face

Corrugator

A
  • known as frowning muscles located at the medial end of eyebrows, originaing at root of nose extend laterally and superorily to the middle of the Supraorbital Margin
    Function
  • draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly
40
Q

Muscles of the Face

Orbicularis Oculi

A
  • 2 thin, broad sphincter muscles that surround both eyelids and are also partially spread over the temples and upper cheeks.
  • eyelid portion closes eyelid, orbital portion is responsible in winking
41
Q

Muscles of the Nose

Procerus

A
  • long, thin muscle extending vertically from nasal bone up to forehead
    Function
  • pulls eyebrows and forehead down
42
Q

Muscles of the Neck

Platysma

A
  • 2 broad, flat superficial muscles which arise from the fascia covering large muscles of the collarbone, ribs, and shoulder
    Function
  • lowers the angle of the mouth (jaw) upon contraction
43
Q

Muscles of the Neck

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

A
  • 2 relatively thick muscles that pass obliquely across the side of the neck
  • together the SCM muscles move the head backwards/forwards
    Function
  • rotate head. R muscle contracts to move the head to the R and L. Muscles move head to L
44
Q

Muscles of the Neck

Digastic

A
  • each muscle has 2 bellies, both of which lie just below the body of the mandible.
    Function
  • Draws Hyoid bone superioly
45
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

What muscles reside in the mouth?

A
  1. Orbicularis Oris
  2. Levator Labii Superioris Alaque Nasi
  3. Levator Labii Superioris
  4. Zygomaticus Minor
  5. Depressor Anguli Oris
  6. Depressor Labii Inferioris
  7. Mentalis
46
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

Orbicularis Oris

A
  • Spincter muscle that encircles the mouth, begins at base of nose and extends down to lower jaw and laterally to both cheeks
  • known as puckering/whistling muscle
    Function
  • Opens/closes mouth, moves lips, presses them together, moves them forward
47
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi

A
  • the medical muscle of the QLS
  • called common elevator, may be described as long, narrow slip running beside the nose
  • The Elvis muslce
  • Alaeque Nasi = latin for “wing of nose”
    Function
  • raises the upper lip and dialates nostrils
48
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

Levator Labii Superioris

A
  • intermediate head of Quadratus Labii Superioris that lies lateral to common elevator.
  • muscle of facial expression
    Function
  • elevates/extends upper lip
49
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

Zygomaticus Minor

A
  • most lateral muscle of the QLS
  • inserts into upper lip at the angle of the mouth, raises corners of mouth, usedin smiling
  • NOT known as smiling muscle
50
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

Depressor Anguli Oris (Triangularis)

A
  • 2-3 sided muscles originating on the oblique line of the mandible and inserting at an angle of the mouth
  • contributes to the prominance of the Angulus Oris Eminence
    ** Function**
  • depresses corners of mouth
51
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A
  • 2 in number, quadrilateral muscles that arise from oblique line of the mandible and move upward to the skin of the lower lip by the location of the Labiomental Sulcus (depresses lower lip)
    Function
  • when contracted this muscle moves the lower lip downward and to the side
52
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

Mentalis

A
  • located on prominance of Mental Eminence beteen 2 Depressor Labii Inferioris muscles
  • originates at the Incisive Fossa and inserts into skin of chin
    Function
  • raises and protrudes the lower lip
53
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

What muscles are considered the QLS muscles?

A
  • Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
  • Levator Labii Superioris
  • Zygomaticus Minor
54
Q

Muscles of the Mouth

What is the Quadratus Labii Superioris (QLS)?

A
  • QLS is a group of muscles that act independently or in unison
  • the muscles are broad in origin extending along entire lower margin of the eye socket
  • muscle is superior to upper lip begins at the lower margin of the eye socket runs downward to upper lip
  • lifts upper lip and changes the expression of the mouth
  • QLS in conjunction with the Levator Anguli oris creates the Nasobabial Fold, Nasolabial Sulcus, and Nasal Sulcus
55
Q

Oblique

A

situated at an angle and not having one end inserted on bone

56
Q

Muscles of the Trunk

Muscles of the Trunk

A

A. Back
* Trapezuis
* Latissimus Dorsi
B. Chest
* Pectoralis Major
* Intercostals
C. Abdomen
- Anterolateral
* External Oblique
* Interal Oblique
* Transverse Abdominis
*-Anteromedial (Rectus Abdominis) *
* Posterior (Psoas Major)
D. Diaphram (Phrenic Muscle)

57
Q
A
  1. Pectoralis Major
  2. External Oblique
  3. Deltoid
  4. Biceps Brachii
  5. Triceps Brachii
  6. Brachialis
  7. Brachioradialis
  8. Sartorius
  9. Adductor Longus
  10. Gastrocnemius
  11. Soleus
58
Q
A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Latissimus Dorsi
  3. Internal Oblique
  4. Transversus Abdominis
  5. Teres Major
59
Q
A
  1. Adductor Magnus
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Semimembranosus
  4. Calcaneal (Achilles) Tendon
60
Q
A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Orbicularis Oculi
  4. Orbicularis Oris
  5. Levator Labii Superioris
  6. Zygomaticus Major & Minor
  7. Buccinator
  8. Mantalis
  9. Platysma
  10. Sternocleidomastoid
61
Q
A
  1. Corrugator
  2. Levator Anguli Oris
  3. Risorius
  4. Depressor Anguli Oris
  5. Depressor Labii Inferioris

Anatomy for Funeral Service (16 decks)

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