Final Exam - Sheet1 Flashcards
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President during the Great Depression, polio, from a wealthy family
FDR
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Roosevelt’s wife and greatest asset. An advocate for minorities.
Eleanor Roosevelt
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March 6 to 10 1932, closed banks in order to prevent withdraws (“runs on banks”), and in turn failures
Banking Holiday
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Name given to FDR’s economic plan to fight the Great Depression
New Deal
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The informal radio conversations Roosevelt had with the people to keep spirits up. It was a means of communicating with the people on how he would take on the depression.
Fireside Chat
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A group of close advisers to FDR. These were academics, lawyers, economists, and social scientists.
Brain Trust
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When the government spends more money than it has
Deficit Spending
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economic policy where government would pump money into the economy in order to stimulate economic recovery
Pump Priming
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Nickname for FDR’s New Deal programs
Alphabet soup
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insures depositor’s money in the banks
FDIC, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,
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Funded artists, musicians, and bigger construction projects (Old Valley Stadium and old Phenix elementary
WPA, Works Progress Administration.
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Federal money to the state for direct help to people
FERA, Federal Emergency Relief Act. (called FEMA today)
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Policies the stock market
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission.
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reached 25%
unemployment rates
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eliminate competition businesses will continue to operate
NRA National Recovery Act,
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immediate needs fulfilled; (Acronym here)
Relief- FERA
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putting people back to work; (Acronym here)
Recovery-WPA
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change the system so the market doesn’t crash again; (Acronym here)
Reform-FDIC
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make shift homes made out of cardboard and scrap materials
Hoovervilles
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increase size of government to deal with Great Depression
FDR policies
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made simple inexpensive cars by using the assembly line
Henry Ford
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baseball great
Babe Ruth
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most notorious gangster from Chicago who was found guilty of income tax evasion
Al Capone
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first male to fly across the Atlantic Ocean
Charles Lindbergh
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fear of communism
Red Scare
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Teapot Dome, Veteran’s Bureau, Daugherty Attorney General
Harding Scandals
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give big tax breaks to the wealthy so the money can trickle down to the poor. High protective tariffs so US will buy American
Trickle Down Theory
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famous dance performed by a flapper
Charleston
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Exploded with popularity and encouraged people to buy products
Advertising
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illegal bars of the 1920s
Speakeasies
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crashed when everyone sold their stock and the prices dropped. People who never played the stock market lost everything because the banks played the market with their money
Stock Market Crash
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to buy stock by putting a small amount down and borrowing the rest
buying on margin
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when a small amount of money is put down to buy a product and then the rest is paid off in installments with interest
installment buying
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days of racial rioting broke out when a young black boy is drowned by whites
Chicago Riot of 1919
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Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested, tried and executed for a robbery/murder
Sacco and Vanzetti
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membership increased during the 1920s
KKK
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Ford made cheap inexpensive cars affordable for the common person; assembly line
Automobiles
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A style of dance music popular in the 1920s
Jazz
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explodes with popularity in the 1920s
radio
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period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale, distribution and consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited
Prohibition
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Alliance system, Militarism, Nationalism, Imperialism
Causes of WWI
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murdered by Gavrilo Princip in Bosnia while on a good will visit
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Total years of WWI
1914-1918
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Treaty that ended WWI on the Western Front
Treaty of Versailles
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Wilson’s plan for peace following WWI
Fourteen Points
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Note written by German foreign minister to Mexico promising Mexico Texas, New Mexico and Arizona if they join the war against America
Zimmerman Note
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Germany’s plan to avoid a two front war by taking out France quickly and then turning all their attention to Russia. Failed because of the Belgium resistance. (6 days to 18 days)
Schlieffen Plan
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Peace keeping organization designed to create long lasting world wide peace. # 14 of Wilson’s 14 point plan. Never ratified by the Senate so US was never a part of it.
League of Nations
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harsh because of trench foot, trench mouth, disease, shell shock
Trench Warfare Characteristics
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US wanted to return to this policy following WWI
Isolationism
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responsible for pulling a lot of countries into WWI
Alliance system
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exaggerated stories designed to evoke an emotional response. Hearst and Pulitzer battled for the best story.
Yellow Journalism
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leader of the Rough Riders in the Spanish American War and took the Panama Canal
Teddy Roosevelt
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Chinese militant group that worked to get rid of foreign influence
Boxer Rebellion
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sinking of the Maine, De Lome letter
Causes of the Spanish American War
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need for new markets, need for raw materials, religious missionaries, White Man’s Burden
Why Imperialism
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George Dewey conquers and provides a foothold into China
Philippines
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corporate rebellion to overthrow the queen and set up the annexation process
Hawaii acquisition
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policy signed by Secretary of State John Hay to open trade in China
Open Door Policy
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Washington’s Farewell Address, Monroe Doctrine, Declaration of Independence
Documents supporting Isolationism
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tried to return Hawaii to the Hawaiians
Queen Liliuokalani
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Inventor of the light bulb, phonograph and motion picture
Edison
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Inventor of the telephone
Bell
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Author of the book The Jungle
Upton Sinclair
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known as the trust buster, wanted to break up monopolies
Teddy Roosevelt
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immigrants worked long hours with low pay in dangerous working conditions
working conditions
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when one company controls an entire industry; discourages competition and increases prices
monopoly
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hands off policy by the government used during this era
laissez-faire
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survival of the fittest in social settings or society
Social Darwinism
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tycoons gave charitable donations to build things such as Carnegie Hall and Rockefeller Center
philanthropy
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location where over 17 million European immigrants were processed. 3rd class passengers endured medical tests (trachoma) and mental testing (branded with chalk)
Ellis Island
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prohibition, to prohibit the sale, consumption and distribution of alcohol
18th Amendment
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women’s right to vote
19th Amendment
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stopped the sale of contaminated foods and called for truth in labeling
Pure Food and Drug Act
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required strict cleanliness for meat packers and began federal meat inspections
Meat Inspection Act
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natural resources, new inventions and cheap labor
Industrial Revolution Characteristics
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sewing machine, typewriter, Morse code
Inventions of the late 19th Century
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used during the Industrial Revolution to help families survive financially
Child Labor
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encouraged to acquire an unskilled labor force
Immigration
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when the people vote directly on an issue; like for a casino in their county
referendum
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when the people can vote to remove an elected official before their term is up; this happened to Gov. Davis which is how Arnold Schwarzenegger became governor
recall
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when the people initiate legislation like Megan’s law or the Amber Alert
initiative
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awarded people willing to move west 160 acres if they were willing to build a homestead and farm for 5 years
Homestead Act
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created ag based universities all over the country
Morrill Act
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to make Indians more like white people
Assimilation
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railroad that connects the country from coast to coast; met in Promontory Point, Utah
Transcontinental Railroad
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high railroad rates and low crop prices
Farmer struggles
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destroyed buffalo, reservation life, white settlement in the West
Indian Struggles
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Rabid Abolitionist who attempted to incite a slave revolt by raiding Harper’s Ferry and killed 5 pro-slavery supporters in Pottawatomie, Kansas
John Brown
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Missouri slave sued his owner for freedom because his owner took him to a free state.The court decided that Scott was property and therefore the 5th amendment applied and the government can not forbid one of their property therefore allowing slavery to be everywhere
Dred Scott Case
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President before Lincoln who did nothing when the South seceded
Buchanan inaction
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Confederate who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theater.
John Wilkes Booth
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a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
Plessy v. Ferguson
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Years of the Civil War
1861-1865
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abolishes slavery
13th Amendment
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equal rights to blacks
14th Amendment
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Right to vote for blacks
15th Amendment
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Considered the military turning point in the war because it was the first major victory by the North in the Eastern Theater against Lee
Gettysburg
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Slave states that fought for the North because they believed it was a war about preserving the union, not slavery
Border States Role
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A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.
sharecropping
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When the people of a territory vote for themselves if they want to be a free state or slave state
popular sovereignty
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if your grandfather could vote prior to 1867, you could vote; designed to limit black voting
Grandfather Clause
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test required of blacks to take and pass before they could vote; designed to keep blacks from voting
Literacy Test
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frees the slaves in states of rebellion (not everywhere)
Emancipation Proclamation
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required blacks to pay a fee in order to vote
Poll Tax
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slavery, states rights, tariffs, Lincoln’s election, preservation of the Union
Causes of the Civil War
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increase a need for slave labor in order to keep up with the new machines
Cotton Gin Impact
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1st 10 Amendments to the Constitution; rights are limited by the rights of others
Bill of Rights
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In 1773, Boston rebels dumped 18,000 pounds of the East India Company’s tea into the waters of Boston harbor as a protest, because the company was not being taxed to sell tea, but the colonial tea sellers were.
Boston Tea Party
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based on population of the state
House of Representatives
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Constitution Written
1787
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American Declaration of Independence
1776
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based on equal representation (2 for each state)
Senate Representation
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1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)
Articles of Confederation
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Right to bear arms
2nd Amendment
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Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause
4th Amendment
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Double Jeopardy: Can’t be tried twice for the same crime; Self Incrimination: Right to remain silent; Must be paid for property if taken for public use
5th Amendment
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Guarantees the right to jury trial in civil suits involving $20.00 or more.
7th Amendment
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- farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey; the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion with 13,000 troops; showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem
Whiskey Rebellion
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1770; 5 civilians who were part of a mob killed by British soldiers; depicted as a brutal slaughter in colonial newspapers
Boston Massacre
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Branch of government that makes the laws
Legislative Branch
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Branch of government that enforces the laws
Executive Branch
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Branch of government that interprets laws
Judicial Branch
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Declaration of Independence, Louisiana Purchase, strict interpretation of the Constitution
Thomas Jefferson
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1786-1787; broke out in Massachusetts due to high taxes and heavy debts; demonstrated the need for a stronger national government
Shay’s Rebellion
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taxation, colonists not allowed to expand, Boston forced to provide for troops
Revolutionary War Causes
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landmark case establishing the principle of judicial review
Marbury vs. Madison
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no more further European colonization of the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
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War between the US and Britain. Dolley Madison saves Washington’s portrait, the British burn the White House down and the Star Spangled Banner is written by Francis Scott Key. Treaty of Ghent ends the war.
War of 1812
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The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled more than 800 miles to the Indian Territory. More than 400 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
Trail of Tears
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created insane asylums and rights for prisoners
Prison and Mentally Insane reform movement
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fought to end slavery
Abolition reform movement
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worked for women to have the right to vote
Women’s reform
