Final Exam Material Flashcards
Sahelanthropus Tchadensis nickname
Toumai
Orroin Tugensis nickname
Millenium Man
Ardipithecus Ramidus nickname
Ardi
Australopithecus Anamesis nickname
Anam
Australopithecus Afarensis nickname
Lucy
Paranthropus Robustus nickname
Zinj
Paranthropus Boisei nickname
Nutcracker man
Paranthropus Aethiopicus nickname
Omo 18
Sahelanthropus Tchadensis existence year (EY) and discovery date
6.8mya, 2001
Orroin Tugenesis EY and DD
5.8mya, 2000
Ardipithecus Ramidus EY and DD
5.8-4.4mya, 1992
Australopithecus Anamesis EY DD
4.2-3.9mya, 1994, 1995, 1965
Australopithecus Afarensis EY DD
3.9-3.0mya , 1973 (knee), 1974 (AL288-1), 1975- first family, 1975-Laetoli, 20000 infant
Paranthropus Robustus EY DD
2.0-1.2mya, 1938
Paranthropus Boisei EY DD
2.3-1.2 mya, 1959
Paranthropus Aethiopicus EY DD
2.5-2.7mya, 1967
Australopithecus Africanus EY DD
2.7-2.0mya, 1924
Sahelanthropus Tchadensis region
Toros-menalla Chad in Sahel region
Orroin Tugenesis region
Lukeino Formation- Tugen Hills Kenya
Ardipithecus Ramidus region
Aramis middle awash region of Ethiopia
Australopithecus Anamesis region
Knapoi and Allia Bay bordering Lake Turkana in Kenya
Australopithecus Afarensis region
Hadar and Dikika of Ethiopia; Laetoli in Tanzania
Paranthropus Robustus region
South Africa Kromdraai
Paranthropus Aethiopicus region
Ethiopia
Paranthropus Boisei region
Olduvai Gorge Tanzania
Australopithecus Africanus region
Taung, Sterkfotein, Makapangsgat
Michel Brunet of College de France
Sahelanthropus Tchandensis discoverer
Martin Pickford and Brigitte Senut
Orroin Tugenesis discoverer
Ardipithecus Ramidus discoverer
Tim White
Australopithecus Anamesis discoverer
Meave Leakey
Australopithecus Afranesis discoverer
Don Johnson, Maurice Taieb, Mary Leakey
Paranthropus Robustus discoverer
Bloom
Paranthropus Boisei discoverer
Mary Leakey
Paranthropus Aethiopicus discoverer
Camille Arambourg and Yves Coppens
Raymond Dart later, Robert Broom
Australopithecus Africanus
Sahelanthropus Tchadensis significant features
Foramen Magnum-on the base of the cranium has a particular position at the base of the skull, suggesting bipedalism
Endocranial volume- 360cc (ape size brain)
Supraorbital torus- huge
Sagittal Crest-bone crest on skull, temporalis muscles attach to it-gives creature ability to eat plant roots and difficult materials
Weak subnasal prognathism-flat face
Orroin Tugenesis significant features
Femur is overbuilt and curved inward- has much weight bearing properties-suggests bipediality
Ardipithecus Ramidus significant features
) thin enamel suggests easy accessibility to resources, lived in largest patches of rainforest
Australopithecus Anamesis significant features
Intermediate dentition b/n chimpanzees and humans. Similar to Lucy teeth. Straight rows of molars. Bipedal
possible predecessor to Lucy
Australopithecus Afarensis
“Lucy”
significant features
Lucy brain volume: 380cc (female) 3ft tall males 4ft 9”
500cc male brain
420=average brain size
Polygenous mating system
Weird shaped skull- has a bell shaped cranium→ diminishes through time
Teeth- intermediate mandible. (v shaped) 2:1:2:3 y5
Semi sectorial first pre-molar with diastema gap
Footprints at laetoli
Paranthropus Robustus significant features
Gorilla like headshape, teeth resembling a gorilla, 310-530cc brain.
Paranthropus Boisei significant features
Large body, 500-550cc brain
Shoter foramen magnum, sexual dimorphism, skull designed for heavy chewing.
Paranthropus Aethiopicus- significant features
Primitive traits, prognathic face, thought to be descendent of afarensis small brain (410cc)
Nearly complete cranium 2 jaw fragments, 3 isolated teeth….
remains of Toumai/tchadensis
Partial left femur, partial humerus, hand phalanx, 2 jaw fragments, 8 isolated teeth
remains of Milllenium man
Jaw fragments, isolated teeth, hand and foot bones, humerus fragments, ulna remains of 50 individuals.
remains of Ardi
remains of Anam
22 specimens, including cranial and jaw fragments, pieces of humerus, tibia, and radius
remains of Lucy and similar species
several hundred fossils of this species and 65 individual members, knee joint, infant
Zinj remains
Skull (initially)
Later 130 individuals in a cave at Swartkrans
Paranthropus Boisei /nutcracker man remains
Cranium
“Omo 18” remains
Toothless partial mandible, lower jaw and teeth fragments some cranium
Australopithecus Africanus remains
Fossil Materials: 1 adult cranium (STS5), 1 child’s cranium (Taung Child) 4 partial skeletons; dozens of jaws, hundreds of teeth
Zinji’s Number
OH5
Toumai’s number
TM266
Orrogin Tugenesis number
BAR 1000’00
Lucy’s number
AL 288-1
black skull number
KNW WT17000
Australopithecus Africansis numbers
STS 14, 71, 52, 5