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Anthropology 1 (Physical) > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three main bones that help maintain balance?

A

1) two hip bones (ossa coxae)

2) sacrum (where the two hip bones join)

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2
Q

how are quadrupeds ossa coxae different?

A

they are elongated, (hominins are shorter)

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3
Q

where is the gluteus maximus located on quadrupeds?

A

to the side of the hips (functions to pull away from the side of the thigh and away from the body)

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4
Q

differences between hominins and quadrupeds?

A

positioning of foramen magnum, s spinal shape, shortening and broadening of pelvis, angling of femur inward towards knee, structural changes in foot-longitudinal arch

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5
Q

all major structural changes for bipedalism were seen in ancient fossils at what date?

A

4mya

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6
Q

WHat is important about STerkfotein in South Africa?

A

site contained a big toe indicating a longitudinal arch, (Clark and TObias)

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7
Q

dating is much more difficult in fossils found in this area because of incased rock fissures

A

South Africa

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8
Q

How many hominin species were there?

A

at least 6 genera and 13 species

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9
Q

What are the three major groups of hominins?

A

pre-australopiths, australopiths, and early homo

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10
Q

Early homins had what type of range of living?

A

very restricted, partly tied to arboreal habitats, but mainly exploiting a variety of resources

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11
Q

Homo Erectus was found where?

A

Java, China, and Africa

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12
Q

What is special about H.Erectus?

A

increase body size, brain size, robustness, and limb proportions

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13
Q

How big was homo erectus, what was its brain size?

A

over 100 lbs, 5’6” 1250cm brain size

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14
Q

Distinctive feature of H.Erectus?

A

thick cranial bones, large brow ridges, nuchal torus, long and low braincase, sagittal keel present

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15
Q

H. Erectus in Turkana

A

complete skull 1.7mya 848cm brain

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16
Q

H. Erectus Nariokotome find

A

(found by Kamoya Kimeu) complete skeleton (WT15000), 1.6mya

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17
Q

E. Erectus at Olduvai

A

1.4ya 1067cc cranial capacity, thin braincase walls

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18
Q

E. Erectus in Awash Basin

A

complete female pelvis, 1.3 mya, wide birth canal

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19
Q

What was the Dimansi find?

A

1,81mya- similar cranium to H.Erectus, but characteristics are different- less robust, thinner browridge, projecting lower face, small brain (600cc), stone tool usage

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20
Q

Archeulian-

A

pertaining to a stone tool industry from the Early and Middle Pleistocene, large proportion of bifacial tools, common in Southwest Asia, Africa, and western Europe.

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21
Q

The Dimansi find significance

A

suggestive of two migrations of hominins

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22
Q

H. Erectus in Jave discoverer

A

Ugene Dubois in 1891

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23
Q

What was found at the Sangiran Dome

A

a cranium (813-1059cc) -thick cranial vaults, sagital keels, browridges etc

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24
Q

What was found at Ngandong

A

11 skuls, 25,00-50,000 years old (a late survivor)?

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25
Q

Zhoukoudian H.Erectus what was found?

A

14 skullcaps, 40 adults and children

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26
Q

What is important about Zhoukoudian find?

A

cultural remains including 100,000 artifacts- choppers, flakes, etc. charred ostrich eggshells found, use of FIRE

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27
Q

Binford and stone’s challenge to Zhoudoukian

A

feel that they were scavengers and not hunter gatherers as proposed by their discoverers

28
Q

Noal boaz challenge to Zhoukoudian

A

questions whether they lived at the cave or not, thinks it is a carnivore den

29
Q

Chemical analysis revealed what about the site?

A

the ash was really organic deposts, no sign of wood being burnt inside the cave

30
Q

Importance of Lantian remains

A

cranial remains of two adults, fire treated dpebbles and flakes, ash present

31
Q

Yunxian finds

A

distorted cranian 800,000-580,000 ya

32
Q

Hexian finds

A

1980-1981- close relationship postulated between Hexian specimens and Zhoukoudian

33
Q

African and Asian species

A

wide variation but part of the same species

34
Q

what are the three main bones that help maintain balance?

A

1) two hip bones (ossa coxae)

2) sacrum (where the two hip bones join)

35
Q

how are quadrupeds ossa coxae different?

A

they are elongated, (hominins are shorter)

36
Q

where is the gluteus maximus located on quadrupeds?

A

to the side of the hips (functions to pull away from the side of the thigh and away from the body)

37
Q

differences between hominins and quadrupeds?

A

positioning of foramen magnum, s spinal shape, shortening and broadening of pelvis, angling of femur inward towards knee, structural changes in foot-longitudinal arch

38
Q

all major structural changes for bipedalism were seen in ancient fossils at what date?

A

4mya

39
Q

WHat is important about STerkfotein in South Africa?

A

site contained a big toe indicating a longitudinal arch, (Clark and TObias)

40
Q

dating is much more difficult in fossils found in this area because of incased rock fissures

A

South Africa

41
Q

How many hominin species were there?

A

at least 6 genera and 13 species

42
Q

What are the three major groups of hominins?

A

pre-australopiths, australopiths, and early homo

43
Q

Early homins had what type of range of living?

A

very restricted, partly tied to arboreal habitats, but mainly exploiting a variety of resources

44
Q

Homo Erectus was found where?

A

Java, China, and Africa

45
Q

What is special about H.Erectus?

A

increase body size, brain size, robustness, and limb proportions

46
Q

How big was homo erectus, what was its brain size?

A

over 100 lbs, 5’6” 1250cm brain size

47
Q

Distinctive feature of H.Erectus?

A

thick cranial bones, large brow ridges, nuchal torus, long and low braincase, sagittal keel present

48
Q

H. Erectus in Turkana

A

complete skull 1.7mya 848cm brain

49
Q

H. Erectus Nariokotome find

A

(found by Kamoya Kimeu) complete skeleton (WT15000), 1.6mya

50
Q

E. Erectus at Olduvai

A

1.4ya 1067cc cranial capacity, thin braincase walls

51
Q

E. Erectus in Awash Basin

A

complete female pelvis, 1.3 mya, wide birth canal

52
Q

What was the Dimansi find?

A

1,81mya- similar cranium to H.Erectus, but characteristics are different- less robust, thinner browridge, projecting lower face, small brain (600cc), stone tool usage

53
Q

Archeulian-

A

pertaining to a stone tool industry from the Early and Middle Pleistocene, large proportion of bifacial tools, common in Southwest Asia, Africa, and western Europe.

54
Q

The Dimansi find significance

A

suggestive of two migrations of hominins

55
Q

H. Erectus in Jave discoverer

A

Ugene Dubois in 1891

56
Q

What was found at the Sangiran Dome

A

a cranium (813-1059cc) -thick cranial vaults, sagital keels, browridges etc

57
Q

What was found at Ngandong

A

11 skuls, 25,00-50,000 years old (a late survivor)?

58
Q

Zhoukoudian H.Erectus what was found?

A

14 skullcaps, 40 adults and children

59
Q

What is important about Zhoukoudian find?

A

cultural remains including 100,000 artifacts- choppers, flakes, etc. charred ostrich eggshells found, use of FIRE

60
Q

Binford and stone’s challenge to Zhoudoukian

A

feel that they were scavengers and not hunter gatherers as proposed by their discoverers

61
Q

Noal boaz challenge to Zhoukoudian

A

questions whether they lived at the cave or not, thinks it is a carnivore den

62
Q

Chemical analysis revealed what about the site?

A

the ash was really organic deposts, no sign of wood being burnt inside the cave

63
Q

Importance of Lantian remains

A

cranial remains of two adults, fire treated dpebbles and flakes, ash present

64
Q

Yunxian finds

A

distorted cranian 800,000-580,000 ya

65
Q

Hexian finds

A

1980-1981- close relationship postulated between Hexian specimens and Zhoukoudian

66
Q

African and Asian species

A

wide variation but part of the same species

Anthropology 1 (Physical) (13 decks)

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