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Anthropology 1 (Physical) > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three main bones that help maintain balance?

A

1) two hip bones (ossa coxae)

2) sacrum (where the two hip bones join)

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2
Q

how are quadrupeds ossa coxae different?

A

they are elongated, (hominins are shorter)

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3
Q

where is the gluteus maximus located on quadrupeds?

A

to the side of the hips (functions to pull away from the side of the thigh and away from the body)

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4
Q

differences between hominins and quadrupeds?

A

positioning of foramen magnum, s spinal shape, shortening and broadening of pelvis, angling of femur inward towards knee, structural changes in foot-longitudinal arch

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5
Q

all major structural changes for bipedalism were seen in ancient fossils at what date?

A

4mya

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6
Q

WHat is important about STerkfotein in South Africa?

A

site contained a big toe indicating a longitudinal arch, (Clark and TObias)

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7
Q

dating is much more difficult in fossils found in this area because of incased rock fissures

A

South Africa

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8
Q

How many hominin species were there?

A

at least 6 genera and 13 species

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9
Q

What are the three major groups of hominins?

A

pre-australopiths, australopiths, and early homo

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10
Q

Early homins had what type of range of living?

A

very restricted, partly tied to arboreal habitats, but mainly exploiting a variety of resources

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11
Q

Homo Erectus was found where?

A

Java, China, and Africa

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12
Q

What is special about H.Erectus?

A

increase body size, brain size, robustness, and limb proportions

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13
Q

How big was homo erectus, what was its brain size?

A

over 100 lbs, 5’6” 1250cm brain size

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14
Q

Distinctive feature of H.Erectus?

A

thick cranial bones, large brow ridges, nuchal torus, long and low braincase, sagittal keel present

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15
Q

H. Erectus in Turkana

A

complete skull 1.7mya 848cm brain

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16
Q

H. Erectus Nariokotome find

A

(found by Kamoya Kimeu) complete skeleton (WT15000), 1.6mya

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17
Q

E. Erectus at Olduvai

A

1.4ya 1067cc cranial capacity, thin braincase walls

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18
Q

E. Erectus in Awash Basin

A

complete female pelvis, 1.3 mya, wide birth canal

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19
Q

What was the Dimansi find?

A

1,81mya- similar cranium to H.Erectus, but characteristics are different- less robust, thinner browridge, projecting lower face, small brain (600cc), stone tool usage

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20
Q

Archeulian-

A

pertaining to a stone tool industry from the Early and Middle Pleistocene, large proportion of bifacial tools, common in Southwest Asia, Africa, and western Europe.

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21
Q

The Dimansi find significance

A

suggestive of two migrations of hominins

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22
Q

H. Erectus in Jave discoverer

A

Ugene Dubois in 1891

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23
Q

What was found at the Sangiran Dome

A

a cranium (813-1059cc) -thick cranial vaults, sagital keels, browridges etc

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24
Q

What was found at Ngandong

A

11 skuls, 25,00-50,000 years old (a late survivor)?

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25
Zhoukoudian H.Erectus what was found?
14 skullcaps, 40 adults and children
26
What is important about Zhoukoudian find?
cultural remains including 100,000 artifacts- choppers, flakes, etc. charred ostrich eggshells found, use of FIRE
27
Binford and stone's challenge to Zhoudoukian
feel that they were scavengers and not hunter gatherers as proposed by their discoverers
28
Noal boaz challenge to Zhoukoudian
questions whether they lived at the cave or not, thinks it is a carnivore den
29
Chemical analysis revealed what about the site?
the ash was really organic deposts, no sign of wood being burnt inside the cave
30
Importance of Lantian remains
cranial remains of two adults, fire treated dpebbles and flakes, ash present
31
Yunxian finds
distorted cranian 800,000-580,000 ya
32
Hexian finds
1980-1981- close relationship postulated between Hexian specimens and Zhoukoudian
33
African and Asian species
wide variation but part of the same species
34
what are the three main bones that help maintain balance?
1) two hip bones (ossa coxae) | 2) sacrum (where the two hip bones join)
35
how are quadrupeds ossa coxae different?
they are elongated, (hominins are shorter)
36
where is the gluteus maximus located on quadrupeds?
to the side of the hips (functions to pull away from the side of the thigh and away from the body)
37
differences between hominins and quadrupeds?
positioning of foramen magnum, s spinal shape, shortening and broadening of pelvis, angling of femur inward towards knee, structural changes in foot-longitudinal arch
38
all major structural changes for bipedalism were seen in ancient fossils at what date?
4mya
39
WHat is important about STerkfotein in South Africa?
site contained a big toe indicating a longitudinal arch, (Clark and TObias)
40
dating is much more difficult in fossils found in this area because of incased rock fissures
South Africa
41
How many hominin species were there?
at least 6 genera and 13 species
42
What are the three major groups of hominins?
pre-australopiths, australopiths, and early homo
43
Early homins had what type of range of living?
very restricted, partly tied to arboreal habitats, but mainly exploiting a variety of resources
44
Homo Erectus was found where?
Java, China, and Africa
45
What is special about H.Erectus?
increase body size, brain size, robustness, and limb proportions
46
How big was homo erectus, what was its brain size?
over 100 lbs, 5'6" 1250cm brain size
47
Distinctive feature of H.Erectus?
thick cranial bones, large brow ridges, nuchal torus, long and low braincase, sagittal keel present
48
H. Erectus in Turkana
complete skull 1.7mya 848cm brain
49
H. Erectus Nariokotome find
(found by Kamoya Kimeu) complete skeleton (WT15000), 1.6mya
50
E. Erectus at Olduvai
1.4ya 1067cc cranial capacity, thin braincase walls
51
E. Erectus in Awash Basin
complete female pelvis, 1.3 mya, wide birth canal
52
What was the Dimansi find?
1,81mya- similar cranium to H.Erectus, but characteristics are different- less robust, thinner browridge, projecting lower face, small brain (600cc), stone tool usage
53
Archeulian-
pertaining to a stone tool industry from the Early and Middle Pleistocene, large proportion of bifacial tools, common in Southwest Asia, Africa, and western Europe.
54
The Dimansi find significance
suggestive of two migrations of hominins
55
H. Erectus in Jave discoverer
Ugene Dubois in 1891
56
What was found at the Sangiran Dome
a cranium (813-1059cc) -thick cranial vaults, sagital keels, browridges etc
57
What was found at Ngandong
11 skuls, 25,00-50,000 years old (a late survivor)?
58
Zhoukoudian H.Erectus what was found?
14 skullcaps, 40 adults and children
59
What is important about Zhoukoudian find?
cultural remains including 100,000 artifacts- choppers, flakes, etc. charred ostrich eggshells found, use of FIRE
60
Binford and stone's challenge to Zhoudoukian
feel that they were scavengers and not hunter gatherers as proposed by their discoverers
61
Noal boaz challenge to Zhoukoudian
questions whether they lived at the cave or not, thinks it is a carnivore den
62
Chemical analysis revealed what about the site?
the ash was really organic deposts, no sign of wood being burnt inside the cave
63
Importance of Lantian remains
cranial remains of two adults, fire treated dpebbles and flakes, ash present
64
Yunxian finds
distorted cranian 800,000-580,000 ya
65
Hexian finds
1980-1981- close relationship postulated between Hexian specimens and Zhoukoudian
66
African and Asian species
wide variation but part of the same species

Anthropology 1 (Physical) (13 decks)

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