Chapter 6

Question 1

Primate Characteristics

Answer 1

Body hair, a long gestation period followed by live birth, mammary glands, teeth, endothermy, larger brain size, ability to learn.

Question 2

General tendencies that primates have (LIST ALL)

Answer 2

erect posture, prehensile hands, nails not claws, flexible limb structures, generalized dentition, omnivorous, vision and smell important, efficient fetal nourishment, longer gestation, learned behavior, group socialization, diurnal activity

Question 3

Morphology

Answer 3

the form of anatomical structures

Question 4

Prehensile Hands (qualities of)

Answer 4

Retention of five digits on the hands and feet
An opposable thumb and in post species a divergent and partially opposable big toe
Nails instead of claws
Tactile pads enriched with sensory nerve fibers at the end of digits

Question 5

how is depth perception possible?

Answer 5

Eyes placed towards the front of the face (not the sides)
Visual information from each eye transmitted to visual centers in both hemispheres of the brain.
Visual info organized into 3D images by specialized structures in the brain.

Question 6

New World primates are found in

Answer 6

southern Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America

Question 7

Old World primate are found where?

Answer 7

Old world primates are found in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Japan.

Question 8

Primates have what four kinds of teeth?

Answer 8

incisors, canines, and premolars and molars.

Question 9

Are primate teeth specialized?

Answer 9

no, because they are omnivores

Question 10

the bumps on chewing surface of premolars and molars

Answer 10

cusps

Question 11

quadrupedal

Answer 11

use all four limbs

Question 12

what are the common characteristics of locomotion in primates?

Answer 12

quadrupedal, limbs are the same length, arboreal, (apes have arms longer than legs)

Question 13

what animals vertical cling and leap around?

Answer 13

tarsiers and lemurs

Question 14

Brachiation

Answer 14

arm swinging- oly seen in species with arms longer than legs, a short spine, long curved fingers, and reduced thumbs

Question 15

What are the two suborders of primates?

Answer 15

strepsirhini (lorises and lemurs), haplorhini (everything else)

Question 16

Two common traits of lemurs and lorises

Answer 16

pronounced olfactory capabilities and a rhinarium at the end of their nose (moist fleshy pad)

Question 17

Lemur habitat

Answer 17

only on Madagascar and adjacent islands

Question 18

lemur number of species

Answer 18

60

Question 19

lemur size

Answer 19

five inches to three feet

Question 20

lemur diet

Answer 20

diurnal (larger ones), nocturnal (smaller ones), eat insects

Question 21

lorises activity occurs when?

Answer 21

at night

Question 22

how many lorises species left?

Answer 22

8

Question 23

where are lori found?

Answer 23

tropical forest areas of india, sri lanka, southeast asia, and africa

Question 24

are they fast or slow?

Answer 24

slow and cautious, very agile when leaping or clinging to objects

Question 25

Tarsiers have how many species?

Answer 25

5

Question 26

Where do tarsiers live?

Answer 26

islands of southeast asia

Question 27

Tarsiers activity occurs when?

Answer 27

nocturnally, eat insects

Question 28

What is one weird quality of the tarsier?

Answer 28

ability to rotate head 180 degrees, massive eyes size of brain

Question 29

Distinguishing traits of anthropoids?

Answer 29

larger brains, bodies, reduced reliance on smell, color vision, bone protects back of eye, different blood supply to brain, more generalized dentition, mutual grooming

Question 30

how many species of new world monkeys?

Answer 30

70

Question 31

size of new world monkeys

Answer 31

Vary from 12 ounces to 20 pounds

Question 32

where can you usually find a new world monkey?

Answer 32

trees (arboreal animals!)

Question 33

Platyrrhine have what characteristic?

Answer 33

flat nosed

Question 34

Caterrhine have what characteristic?

Answer 34

downward facing noses

Question 35

Marmosets and Tamarins are what?

Answer 35

the smallest of new world monkeys

Question 36

what do marmosets and tamarins have?

Answer 36

claws instead of nails, social groups of mated pairs, males extensively involved in infant care, quadrupedal

Question 37

Old world monkeys (cercopithecidae) are important because?

Answer 37

they are the most widely distributed primate,

Question 38

Ceropithecines include what?

Answer 38

taxonomic subgroup that includes baboons macaques and guenons

Question 39

Ceropithecines are found where?

Answer 39

africa

Question 40

how are ceropithecines different?

Answer 40

most omnivorous of old world monkeys

Question 41

colobines

Answer 41

include african colobus monkeys and asian langurs

Question 42

what is special about colobines?

Answer 42

have a narrow range of food preferences, mainly eat leaves

Question 43

ischial callosities

Answer 43

sitting pads found on old world monkeys

Question 44

How are old world monkeys important sexually?

Answer 44

show sexual dimorphism, females may have pronounced cyclical genitalia changes, live in diverse social groups

Question 45

Hominoids are found where?

Answer 45

Asia and Africa

Question 46

How are apes and humans different?

Answer 46

larger body siz, no tail, short stable lower back, apes have longer arms, shoulder joint is different, increased period of infant development and dependency

Question 47

Gibbons and Siamangs have how many species?

Answer 47

8

Question 48

Size of gibbons and siamangs?

Answer 48

13 to 25 pounds

Question 49

what adaptations do they have for their foraging of fruit and insects?

Answer 49

extremely long arms and curved fingers, can feed and eat in trees

Question 50

socially what are gibbons and siamangs like?

Answer 50

monogamous pairs, very territorial

Question 51

orangutans, where are they at, how do they move?

Answer 51

only found in sumatra and borneo, slow cautious climbers

Question 52

how are oragutan's socially ?

Answer 52

very solitary, show a lot of sexual dimorphism, eat fruit

Question 53

Gorillas have what 4 subspecies?

Answer 53

west lowland, cross river, eastern lowland, mountain gorilla

Question 54

where do gorillas live?

Answer 54

forested areas of western and eastern Africa

Question 55

What do they eat?

Answer 55

leaves

Question 56

how many subspecies of chimps?

Answer 56

3

Question 57

Where are chimps found?

Answer 57

equatorial africa

Question 58

chimps are what social?

Answer 58

excitable, active, and noisy, they take part in group hunting efforts, and live in large communities of 10 to 100 individuals

Question 59

how big are chimps?

Answer 59

150 pounds (males)

Question 60

how do chimps move?

Answer 60

they can be brachial or walk on the ground

Question 61

Bonobos habitat

Answer 61

highly threatened, found only near the south Zaire river

Question 62

Bonobos size and socialization

Answer 62

smaller than chimps, less excitable, sex used to diffuse tense situations

Question 63

What are the three reasons for the worldwide destruction of primates?

Answer 63

habitat desetruction, human predation, live capture for export and trade

Question 64

Bushmeat and ebola

Answer 64

gabons are highly susceptible to ebola, and are often sold as meat..