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Anthropology 1 (Physical) > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

PRIMATES!

1
Q

Primate Characteristics

A

Body hair, a long gestation period followed by live birth, mammary glands, teeth, endothermy, larger brain size, ability to learn.

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2
Q

General tendencies that primates have (LIST ALL)

A

erect posture, prehensile hands, nails not claws, flexible limb structures, generalized dentition, omnivorous, vision and smell important, efficient fetal nourishment, longer gestation, learned behavior, group socialization, diurnal activity

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3
Q

Morphology

A

the form of anatomical structures

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4
Q

Prehensile Hands (qualities of)

A

Retention of five digits on the hands and feet
An opposable thumb and in post species a divergent and partially opposable big toe
Nails instead of claws
Tactile pads enriched with sensory nerve fibers at the end of digits

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5
Q

how is depth perception possible?

A

Eyes placed towards the front of the face (not the sides)
Visual information from each eye transmitted to visual centers in both hemispheres of the brain.
Visual info organized into 3D images by specialized structures in the brain.

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6
Q

New World primates are found in

A

southern Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America

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7
Q

Old World primate are found where?

A

Old world primates are found in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Japan.

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8
Q

Primates have what four kinds of teeth?

A

incisors, canines, and premolars and molars.

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9
Q

Are primate teeth specialized?

A

no, because they are omnivores

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10
Q

the bumps on chewing surface of premolars and molars

A

cusps

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11
Q

quadrupedal

A

use all four limbs

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12
Q

what are the common characteristics of locomotion in primates?

A

quadrupedal, limbs are the same length, arboreal, (apes have arms longer than legs)

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13
Q

what animals vertical cling and leap around?

A

tarsiers and lemurs

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14
Q

Brachiation

A

arm swinging- oly seen in species with arms longer than legs, a short spine, long curved fingers, and reduced thumbs

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15
Q

What are the two suborders of primates?

A

strepsirhini (lorises and lemurs), haplorhini (everything else)

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16
Q

Two common traits of lemurs and lorises

A

pronounced olfactory capabilities and a rhinarium at the end of their nose (moist fleshy pad)

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17
Q

Lemur habitat

A

only on Madagascar and adjacent islands

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18
Q

lemur number of species

A

60

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19
Q

lemur size

A

five inches to three feet

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20
Q

lemur diet

A

diurnal (larger ones), nocturnal (smaller ones), eat insects

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21
Q

lorises activity occurs when?

A

at night

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22
Q

how many lorises species left?

A

8

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23
Q

where are lori found?

A

tropical forest areas of india, sri lanka, southeast asia, and africa

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24
Q

are they fast or slow?

A

slow and cautious, very agile when leaping or clinging to objects

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25
Q

Tarsiers have how many species?

A

5

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26
Q

Where do tarsiers live?

A

islands of southeast asia

27
Q

Tarsiers activity occurs when?

A

nocturnally, eat insects

28
Q

What is one weird quality of the tarsier?

A

ability to rotate head 180 degrees, massive eyes size of brain

29
Q

Distinguishing traits of anthropoids?

A

larger brains, bodies, reduced reliance on smell, color vision, bone protects back of eye, different blood supply to brain, more generalized dentition, mutual grooming

30
Q

how many species of new world monkeys?

A

70

31
Q

size of new world monkeys

A

Vary from 12 ounces to 20 pounds

32
Q

where can you usually find a new world monkey?

A

trees (arboreal animals!)

33
Q

Platyrrhine have what characteristic?

A

flat nosed

34
Q

Caterrhine have what characteristic?

A

downward facing noses

35
Q

Marmosets and Tamarins are what?

A

the smallest of new world monkeys

36
Q

what do marmosets and tamarins have?

A

claws instead of nails, social groups of mated pairs, males extensively involved in infant care, quadrupedal

37
Q

Old world monkeys (cercopithecidae) are important because?

A

they are the most widely distributed primate,

38
Q

Ceropithecines include what?

A

taxonomic subgroup that includes baboons macaques and guenons

39
Q

Ceropithecines are found where?

A

africa

40
Q

how are ceropithecines different?

A

most omnivorous of old world monkeys

41
Q

colobines

A

include african colobus monkeys and asian langurs

42
Q

what is special about colobines?

A

have a narrow range of food preferences, mainly eat leaves

43
Q

ischial callosities

A

sitting pads found on old world monkeys

44
Q

How are old world monkeys important sexually?

A

show sexual dimorphism, females may have pronounced cyclical genitalia changes, live in diverse social groups

45
Q

Hominoids are found where?

A

Asia and Africa

46
Q

How are apes and humans different?

A

larger body siz, no tail, short stable lower back, apes have longer arms, shoulder joint is different, increased period of infant development and dependency

47
Q

Gibbons and Siamangs have how many species?

A

8

48
Q

Size of gibbons and siamangs?

A

13 to 25 pounds

49
Q

what adaptations do they have for their foraging of fruit and insects?

A

extremely long arms and curved fingers, can feed and eat in trees

50
Q

socially what are gibbons and siamangs like?

A

monogamous pairs, very territorial

51
Q

orangutans, where are they at, how do they move?

A

only found in sumatra and borneo, slow cautious climbers

52
Q

how are oragutan’s socially ?

A

very solitary, show a lot of sexual dimorphism, eat fruit

53
Q

Gorillas have what 4 subspecies?

A

west lowland, cross river, eastern lowland, mountain gorilla

54
Q

where do gorillas live?

A

forested areas of western and eastern Africa

55
Q

What do they eat?

A

leaves

56
Q

how many subspecies of chimps?

A

3

57
Q

Where are chimps found?

A

equatorial africa

58
Q

chimps are what social?

A

excitable, active, and noisy, they take part in group hunting efforts, and live in large communities of 10 to 100 individuals

59
Q

how big are chimps?

A

150 pounds (males)

60
Q

how do chimps move?

A

they can be brachial or walk on the ground

61
Q

Bonobos habitat

A

highly threatened, found only near the south Zaire river

62
Q

Bonobos size and socialization

A

smaller than chimps, less excitable, sex used to diffuse tense situations

63
Q

What are the three reasons for the worldwide destruction of primates?

A

habitat desetruction, human predation, live capture for export and trade

64
Q

Bushmeat and ebola

A

gabons are highly susceptible to ebola, and are often sold as meat..

Anthropology 1 (Physical) (13 decks)

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