CHAPTER 10 Flashcards

1
Q

mosaic evolution

A

a pattern of evolution in which the rate of evolution in one functional system varies from that in other systems

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2
Q

Hominid refers to what?

A

all great apes and humans together

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3
Q

Hominins could carry objects starting at what time

A

6-7 mya (because of bipedalism)

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4
Q

When was stone usage suggested?

A

3.4 mya

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5
Q

Paleoanthropology

A

the study of ancient humans- can include geologists, archaeologists, etc

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6
Q

Taphonomy

A

study of how bones and fossils come to be buried in the earth

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7
Q

Paleoanthropology uses these four methods to make conclusions

A

dating, paleoecology, archaeological traces of behavior, and and anatomical evidence

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8
Q

importance of the great rift valley

A

fault, active volcanic processes, fossils

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9
Q

Relative dating

A

based primarily on stratigrophy, and principles of superposition

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10
Q

issues with stratigraphy

A

geologic disturbances can move objects, impossible to accurately determine dates

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11
Q

fluorine analysis can reveal what based on age?

A

more flourine accumulates during the fossilization process

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12
Q

radiometric dating

A

uses potassium 40 as a technique, inoraganic materials are dated through themoluminescence

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13
Q

Paleomagnetism

A

a technique based on the constantly shifting nature of the magnetic pole- .7mya-present = NORMAL
2.6-.7= REVERSED
3.4-2.6=NORMAL
?-3.4=REVERSED

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14
Q

Faunal Correlation/biostratigraphy

A

Based on the regular changes seen in evolving groups of animals as well as the presence or absence of particular species

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15
Q

is the most common residue of prehistoric cultural behavior

A

stone

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16
Q

what is a flake

A

Flake- thin edge fragment removed from a core of a stone

17
Q

what is a core?

A

Core- stone reduced by flake removal may or may not itself be used as a tool

18
Q

what does lithic refer to?

A

stone tools

19
Q

what are knappers?

A

people who make stone tools

20
Q

what is direct percussion?

A

striking a core or flake with a hammerstone

21
Q

what are microliths

A
  • small stone tools usually produced from narrow blades punched from a core, found in Africa during the latter part of the Pleistocene
22
Q

what are phytoliths?

A

microscopic silica structures formed In the cells of many plants, particularly grasses

23
Q

what is environmental determinism?

A

an interpretation that links simple environmental changes directly to a major evolutionary shift in an organism. Such explanations over simplify the evolutionary process

24
Q

why and why are stable carbon isotopes produced?

A

produced in plants in differing proportions depending upon environmental conditions

25
Jolly (1970) and Lovejoy (1981) tried to do what?
link ecology, feeding, and social behavior to why bipedalism arose.
26
who thought of Jolly- seed eating hypothesis, requires bipedalism is a result of an adaptation to eating seeds and nuts on the round
Jolly
27
what were Lovejoy's theories
looks to feeding, pair bonding, infant care, and food sharing, assumed K selection, males provisioning females, and monogamous relations
28
What were Dean Falk's theories
suggest that an upright posture put severe constraints on brain size, suggested that new brain cooling systems evolved with bipedalism (known as radiator theory)