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A&P 1 > FINAL EXAM - Lecture 1 > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM - Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Major functions of circulatory system include

A

Transporting nutrients to tissues, waste products away from tissues, and transporting hormones for signaling

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2
Q

Volume

A

L or mL

something with size

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3
Q

Velocity

A

Distance over time, or Meters/second

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4
Q

Pressure

A

how much force is needed, typically mmHG in the CV system.

Other organs systems
-lungs: cm/H2O

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5
Q

Area

A

Size that we have, may be cross-sectional (center of tube), or surface area (walls of the cylinder)

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6
Q

How we measure internal diameter?

A

Cross-sectional

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7
Q

How do we measure walls of a cylinder?

A

Surface area

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8
Q

Blood flow is given in

A

volume divided by time

ml/min, ml/sec, l/min

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9
Q

Vascular resistance is a big determination on what kind of ______ we have

A

Pressures and blood flow

i.e. Less resistance = greater blood flow

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10
Q

If we have an area in our artery that has an increased vascular resistance in one spot (chokepoint), is the pressure greater or lower distal to that high resistance area?

A

Lower

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11
Q

If we have an area in our artery that has an increased vascular resistance in one spot (chokepoint), is the pressure greater or lower proximal to that high resistance area?

A

Higher

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12
Q

Vascular resistance will dictate how much

A

pressure we have

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13
Q

How does brain control blood flow?

A

Increasing/decreasing vascular resistance

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14
Q

Inverse of vascular resistance?

A

Vascular conductance

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15
Q

Vascular conductance is

A

How easy it is to drive flow through a conduit (blood vessel)

If its easy to drive flow, it has a high conductance

If its hard to drive flow, it has a low conductance

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16
Q

Vast majority of our blood is stored in

A

systemic veins

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17
Q

If we took two individual tubes and stacked them end to end, and they each had their own resistance, this would be a

A

system in series

The resistance is added together.

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18
Q

if we took individual tubes that were parallel to eachother, and blood has an option to go between 4 tubes, this would be

A

System in parellel

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19
Q

Which system arrangement has a lower resistance?

A

System in parellel

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20
Q

Aorta has how much cross-sectional area?

A

2.5 cm2

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21
Q

Small arteries has a cross-sectional area of

A

20 cm2

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22
Q

Capillaries have how much cross-sectional area

A

2500cm2

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23
Q

Venae cavae has a cross-sectional area of

A

8cm2

24
Q

As the blood gets further from the heart, the cross-sectional area cm2 of each section will ________. As it returns the to heart, the cross-sectional area cm2 will __________.

A

get larger; lessen

25
Q

If we have a small cross-sectional area, blood flow will have a ________.

A

high velocity

26
Q

As blood gets further from the heart, what happens to the velocity of the blood?

A

Low velocity

27
Q

Left atrium has how much pressure?

A

Very low pressure

28
Q

As we get further from the heart, what happens to the blood pressure?

A

decreases.

29
Q

How does the pressure in the large arteries compare to the aorta? How do the small arteries compare to that? Arterioles? Capillaries?

A

Mostly the same, small arteries it starts to decrease.

Arterioles is when it really decreases, and then capillaries its the least.

30
Q

Our high resistance blood vessels in systemic circulation are

A

Small arteries and arterioles

31
Q

Chokepoint vessels in our bodies are

A

small arteries and arterioles

32
Q

Veins in capillaries are ____ walled and _____.

A

thin;compliant

33
Q

pressure gradient between capillaries and right atrium

A

only about 10mmHg

34
Q

Kidney will manage blood flow by

A

adjusting vascular resistance

35
Q

Can we have all of the blood vessels open all the time?

A

No, then there would be no pressure

36
Q

Blood flow through the tissue will be dictated by the

A

metabolic rate

37
Q

Laminar flow

A

Blood in the middle of the vessel will go the furthest

Blood closer to the walls of the tube wont make it as far, because the walls are the resistance.

38
Q

The type of flow we would want to have everywhere and why?

A

Laminar flow. Its nice and orderly, its efficient, and it doesnt cause problems.

39
Q

Turbulant flow is also called and what is it

A

disorderly flow. Its inefficient, and theres turbulance in the blood vessels. Blood flow can be fish hooked and moving not all in the same direction.

40
Q

issues that turbulent flow can cause

A

deposit cholesterol and calcium into vessel walls

41
Q

What can cause turbulent flow

A

Clot or blockage in the blood vessel. If there is a narrow opening for blood to go through, the blood will shoot through it very fast and when it gets to the other side of the obstruction, it sprays all over the place.

Think of putting your thumb over a garden hose.

42
Q

What predicts the odds that turbulent flow will occur?

A

Reynolds equation

43
Q

Kidneys get how much cardiac output per minute?

A

20% or 1L

44
Q

Total cardiac output per minute

A

5L

45
Q

Which organ gets more perfusion than it needs? why?

A

Kidneys. They need the blood flow to filter the blood.

46
Q

How to measure blood flow?

A

Ultrasonic probe

47
Q

Ohm’s law

A

V = IR but rewritten…

Voltage = current x resistance now becomes… Pressure, Blood flow, and vascular resistance (F = Delta pressure/ vascular resistance)

48
Q

Delta pressure

A

difference of pressure between one end of the tube and the other

49
Q

If there is a large delta pressure, we will expect

A

more flow

50
Q

If there is a small delta pressure, we will expect

A

less flow

51
Q

A very small change in blood vessel diameter, will

A

cause a huge change in blood flow

52
Q

Vascular resistance is solved by? example?

A

using ohm’s law (R = delta pressure/flow)

In kidney, has 100mmHg of pressure in artery coming into kidney..

Coming out of kidney, renal vein has 0 blood pressure. (just easy number for example)

If kidney gets 20% of cardiac output, it gets 1000ml/min

Delta pressure = 100 - 0 mmHg

Flow = 1000ml/min

R= 100/1000 = 0.1

Renal vascular resistance = 0.1mmHg/ml/min

53
Q

If conductance is the inverse of resistance, then

A

conductance = 1/Resistance

54
Q

Capillary starling forces

A

important in determining whether fluid will move from inside of capillary to outside, or from outside to in.

55
Q

Flow through a capillary pressure beginning and end

A

30 and 10

56
Q

Delta P of capillary

A

20

A&P 1 (34 decks)

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