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A&P 1 > Exam 1 - Lecture 2 8/26 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Lecture 2 8/26 Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular fluid % of total body water? Where is it?

A

Inside the cell, 2/3rds TBW

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2
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving, charged i.e. K+, Na+, Cl-

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3
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water hating, uncharged i.e. fat cells/lipids

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4
Q

Will drugs behave the same with a normal pH?

A

No!

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5
Q

Soluble

A

Ions (electrolytes), Proteins (the parts exposed to water), Carbs (glucose), some gasses such as CO2, buffers to keep pH within defined parameters, Some drugs

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6
Q

Insoluble

A

Cholesterol, steroid hormones, lipids, Some drugs i.e. propofol, nitrous gas

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7
Q

What do drugs need to work in the body if they are insoluble?

A

A carrier

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8
Q

What % of TBW is ECF and where is it?

A

1/3rd of TBW, outside the cells. Plasma and interstitial fluid (between cells)

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9
Q

Can blood proteins cross capillary membrane?

A

No, they are too big. They need to stay within the cardiovascular system (plasma).

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10
Q

What is the plasma composed of?

A

Water, proteins, and electrolytes.

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11
Q

What’s the ratio of plasma to ECF?

A

1/5 - 1/4 (2.8 - 3.5L for 70kg)

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12
Q

How many L’s of plasma in a healthy 70kg adult?

A

3.0L.

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13
Q

Capillary membrane

A

The membrane between Plasma and interstitial fluid. It is permeable to small charged ions, but tight enough to prevent blood proteins from leaking out of the plasma.

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14
Q

How many liters of TBW in a 70kg male?

A

42L, or 60% of kg.

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15
Q

How many liters of TBW in a 100kg person?

A

60L (60%)

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16
Q

How much of 42L is ICF?

A

28L (2/3rds)

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17
Q

How much of 42L is ECF?

A

14L

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18
Q

Of the 14L of ECF, how much is Interstitial fluid?

A

11L (3/4 - 4/5)

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19
Q

Of the 14L of ECF, how much is plasma?

A

3L or 2.8 - 3.5L(1/5 - 1/4)

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20
Q

What can ECF do in the event of hemorrhage?

A

Can transfer fluid from ISF across capillary membrane to Plasma so it can enter cardiovascular system to make up for volume loss.

21
Q

How much plasma in a 100kg patient?

A

First step: patient has 60L of TBW.
Second step: ECF is 1/3rd of 60L, therefore there is 20L of ECF in this patient.
Third step: Plasma is 1/5 - 1/4 of ECF, therefore its 4 - 5L of plasma in a 100kg pt.

22
Q

Is steady state the same as equilibrium?

A

No! steady state is the same usual of compounds inside and outside the cell, but they are NOT equal! Equal Na+ inside and outside the cell would be disastrous. There may be 10x more Na+ outside the cell than inside, but thats STEADY.

23
Q

Na+ ICF and ECF

A

ECF: 140-142
ICF: 14
Ratio is 10:1 outside to in!!!

24
Q

K+ role, ICF and ECF

A

Determines how the heart functions
ECF: 4.0!
ICF: 120
30x higher INSIDE than outside, this is why when cells die and release their K+ into the ECF, the pt becomes hyperkalemic

25
Q

Ca++ ratio and role

A

10,000 to 1 ECF to ICF ratio! not found inside the cell. Helps turn cell on/off

26
Q

Mg++ role, higher in ECF or ICF?

A

cofactor in intracellular reactions, thats why its found more INSIDE THE CELL (ICF) in the cytoplasm.

27
Q

Cl- role, higher in ECF or ICF?

A

Follows sodium, it is the anion (sodium is the cation). Mostly in ECF, it is the anion of ECF!!

28
Q

HCO3- (bicarb) role, higher in ECF or ICF?

A

Managed by kidneys, PRIMARY ECF BUFFER, therefore higher in ECF

29
Q

Phosphate (HPO4=) role, higher in ECF or ICF?

A

Additional buffer for ICF, therefore higher in ICF. It sticks to targets to turn them on/off, changing activity levels of pathways, and also acts as an energy storage system for ATP.

30
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate, 1 adenosine and 3 phosphate. When phosphate is pulled of adenosine, creates energy.

31
Q

Amino acids, role and higher in ECF or ICF?

A

Puts proteins together inside the cell, therefore ICF

32
Q

Creatine, role and higher in ECF or ICF?

A

Much higher in ICF, mostly found in skeletal muscle as a high energy storage compound. Muscle contraction pulls phosphate off ATP. Burns quickly!

33
Q

Lactate, role and higher in ECF or ICF?

A

Not much difference between ICF and ECF, just know it’s a byproduct of metabolism.

34
Q

ATP, role and ECF or ICF?

A

ONLY ICF! it is not found in ECF. it is created inside the cell and burned inside the cell.

35
Q

What can happen to adenosine after the triphosphate is burned?

A

It can leak outside the cell and increase blood flow, as it opens blood vessels.

36
Q

Total mOsm/L

A

total compounds of everything in fluid, 300!!

37
Q

Corrected osmolar activity, why is this needed separately from total osmo?

A

280-283. Na+ and cl- can sometimes not separate and therefore not function as independent compounds.

38
Q

what is mm hg?

A

millimeters of mercury

39
Q

Osmotic pressure at 37 degree celsius?

A

ECF and ICF both 5400+

40
Q

Glycolipids

A

Sugars stuck to phospholipids (need to go back over slide 27!!!!)

41
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Sugars stuck to proteins in cell wall

42
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Glycolipids and glycoproteins stuck together. Immune function. When your blood sugar is elevated, you have extra sugars on the glycocalyx and make them less effective.

43
Q

Proteins in cell wall can act as what?

A

Ion channels/pumps

44
Q

Is the lipid tail charged or non-charged?

A

Non-charged, its FAT

45
Q

What kind of bonds are the phospholipids made of?

A

Carbon to carbon bonds, sometimes double carbon bonds

46
Q

What’s the shape and context of the cholesterol membrane??

A

Flat (planar) and rigid

47
Q

Chemical makeup of cholesterol molecule

A

Only carbon single and double bonds with hydrogen molecules, with a OH head that is the only water soluble part of the compound. This is where it is exposed to water and how the body grabs it.

48
Q

Characterics of the cholesterol cell wall

A

Rigid, hurts flexibility!

49
Q

Needs cards on slide 31-32

A

A&P 1 (38 decks)

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