Final Exam: Lab 11 Urinalysis

Question 1

urine is formed by

Answer 1

kidneys from substances in plasma

Question 2

which are not usually found in urine

Answer 2

• proteins, glucose, ketones and hemoglobins

Question 3

protein

Answer 3

• not filtered; large molecule
• glomeruli damaged
• sx: decrease cop -> decrease absorption -> increase tissue fluid -> edema

Question 4

glucose

Answer 4

• 100% get reabsorbed
• glucosuria; glycosuria
• more sugar gets filtered than get reabsorbed = gets too high -> hit transport maximum -> sugar in pee
• hyperglycemia

Question 5

ketones

Answer 5

• normally found in trace amount
• ketonuria: a higher than normal ketone in urine
  
  • ketosis - increase ketone
  • ketoacidosis - decrease pH

Question 6

hemoglobin

Answer 6

• found or around RBC
• does not get filtered
• comes from kkidney -> kidney damage -> glomeruli get damaged -> nepthroon
• come from urethra
• hematuria

Question 7

specific gravity

Answer 7

the ratio of weight of a solution to distilled water.

• it is a measure of the total solute concentration of that solution
• normal range: 1.010 - 1.025

Question 8

the solute concentration of urine is determined by

Answer 8

the amount of solutes and the amount of water elimated

Question 9

pH is a measure of

Answer 9

the hydrogen ion concentration

- normal urine pH is 5.0-7.5

Question 10

urine is normally more acidic than plasma because

Answer 10

kidneys secrete hyrdogen ions into the nephron from the the blood

Question 11

Buffers are

Answer 11

substances that resist pH changes when acids or alkaline (basic) chemicals are added to a solution