Exam 1: Lab 3 Plasma Glucose and Protein concentration Flashcards
organic molecules in the body include
small molecules and larger more complex molecules made up of many smaller ones
in the digestive system food molecules are
hydrolyzed to the smaller organic molecules
the small organic molecules in digestive system
are absorbed into the blood and transported to all the body cells
the cells take in the small molecules and either
break them down for energy or put them together to synthesize the larger organic molecules
most of the large organic molecules
remain in the cell, but some are secreted into the plasma
blood plasma contains
small organic molecules and some of the larger organic molecules
in healthy person
various negative feedback systems maintain the concentrations of these molecules within a narrow range
spectrophotemetry
a technique that allows the determination of a solute concentration in a solution
the basis of spectrophotemetry is
Beer’s law
beer’s law
states that the concentration of a solute in solution is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed by that solution
the specrophotometer is the equipment that
measures the light absorbance of a solution
the concentration of a solute in a solution such as plasma can be determined by
comparing its absorbance to that of several standard solutions
standard solutions have
known concentrations and light absorbance can be be measured by the spectrophotometer
when the light absorbance and concentrations of several standard solutions are graphed, the result is called
standard curve
when carbohydrates are consumed and digested, what is the primary product
glucose
this glucose is
absorbed into the blood and blood glucose concentratioin rises
glucose concetration rising causes
causes the pancrease to secrete the hormone insulin
insulin triggers
the transport of glucose into the blood cells, thereby decreasing blood glucose concentration
what happens to the extra glucose
skeletal muscle cells and liver cells take in extra glucose and store it as glycogen
when blood glucose concentration falls below normal
the pancreas secretes the hormone glucagon
the pancreas secreting hormone glucagon stimulates
the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and the the release of glucose into the blood. glucose concentration is increased
diabetes mellitus can be caused by
indequate insulin secretion.
Diabetes millitus results in
a high blood glucose concentration
an over secretion of insulin causes a
low blood glucose concentration
normal range of blood glucose concentration is
70 - 110 mg/dl
plasma protein are found in
blood plasma
most plasma protein are synthesized by
by the liver cells and secreted into the plasma
the proteins are grouped into 3 categories
- albumins
- globulins
- fibrinogen
albumins
transport other chemical substance in the blood
globulins
transport other chemicals in the blood, participate in the blood clotting process, and act as antibodies in the body’s defense against infection.
the antibodies are produced by
white blood cells
fibrinogen
functions in the blood clotting process
all of the plasma proteins are important in
maintaining the osmolarity of blood
the high protein concentration in plasma
attract and holds water in the plasma
a change in plasma concentration can
can not only affect the individual protein functions, but also the fluid balance in the body
a low plasma protein concentration can be caused by
liver disease (decreased plasma protein synthesis) or kidney disease (loss of plasma proteins into urine)
the result of this low plasma protein concentration is
decreased blood osmolarity and an increase in water moving into the tissue fluid
a high plasma protein concentration can be caused by
dehydration (loss of water) or various infections (increased production of some glubolins
the result of this high plasma protein concentration is
in increase blood osmolarity and movement of more water into the plasma
normal total plasma protein concentration
6.0 -8.4g/dl
the technique of spectrophotometry can be used to find
the concentration of proteins that have diffused out of cells with damaged cell membranes.
- requires specific reagent that will interact only with the specific protein
