Exam 2: Lab 6 Vision and Hearing Tests

Question 1

20/20

Answer 1

When you are 20 feet away, you see what
______________________
the average person sees from 20 feet away

• average vision

Question 2

20/40

Answer 2

When you are 20 feet away, you see what
______________________
the average person sees from 40 feet away

• worst than average vision

Question 3

20/10

Answer 3

When you are 20 feet away, you see what
__________________
the average person sees from 10 feet away

• better than avg vision

Question 4

Visual acuity

Answer 4

visual sharpness

- how well you can clearly distinguish two closely spaced object

Question 5

Near Point of vision

Answer 5

• amount of elasticity in the lens
• cornea (transparent) transmit light to middle of iris where pupil is and behind it is the lens
• distance at which object first appears blurred

Question 6

job of the lens

Answer 6

• precisely focus the light on to the retina where the photoreceptors are

Question 7

as we get older suspensory ligaments of eye

Answer 7

• smooth muscles that control the shape of the lens

- less elasticity in the lens, harder for muscle to change the shape

Question 8

Tests of the extrinsic eye muscles

Answer 8

• 6 of them
• there to hold the eye in place and control eye movementss
• test convergence of eye
• eye should move medially to converge on object as it is slowly brought to the bridge of nose

Question 9

nystagmus

Answer 9

• unwanted eye movement

- could be cause by weak extrinsic eye muscle

Question 10

Pupillary reflex

Answer 10

• check to see if there’s constriction/dilation or no movement
  (dim light/pen light)
• change in pupil size and measure pupil diameter

Question 11

why do pupillary reflex..what is it indicative of?

Answer 11

• indication of brain damage (brain intact)
• hind brain
• occipital lobe responsible for eye movement

Question 12

demonstration of blind spot

Answer 12

• optic disc - axons where the neurons from the retina converge and become the optic nerve behind it
• cant perceive that light; always there

Question 13

Binocular rivalry

Answer 13

• humans have binocular vision
• certain field of vision in each eye - overlaps
• gives us depth perception
• hunters front (overlap vision/3D vision)
• how what one eye sees affect what another eyes sees

Question 14

Color blindness tests

Answer 14

• male more prone x (female) chromosomes expressed
• natural light
• cant see color - indicate type of color blindness

Question 15

2 types of deafness

Answer 15

• conduction deafness

- sensory deafness

Question 16

conduction deafness

Answer 16

• happen when there’s damage from the middle ear (ossicles) to outer ear (includes oracle)
• can wear hearing aid; hear vibration through temporal bone

Question 17

job of oracle

Answer 17

is to capture sound

Question 18

tympanic membrane

Answer 18

• eardrum
• boundary between middle ear and outer ear
• transmit vibration from outer ear to inner ear

Question 19

ear path

Answer 19

oracle (pinna) to external auditory meatus to tympanic membrane to maleus to incus to stapes to oval window

Question 20

middle ear

Answer 20

• ossicles
• malleus in contact with tympanic membrane
• vibration

Question 21

oval window

Answer 21

• boundaries between middle ear and inner ear

Question 22

inner ear

Answer 22

• cochlea

- vestibules (semi-circular canal)

Question 23

cochlea

Answer 23

hearing

Question 24

vestibular apparatus

- semi-circular canal

Answer 24

balance

Question 25

conduction damaged caused by

Answer 25

• most infection: in middle ear
• ear wax
• damage in oracle

Question 26

sensory deafness

Answer 26

• results from damage from cochlea to inner ear
• cochlea connected to brain (Cranial Nerve 8 or temporal lobe)
• vibration can’t be processed (mastoid process)

Question 27

cause of sensory deafness

Answer 27

• anything that can kill hair cells (modified epithelial; don’t regenerate;)

Question 28

what damages hair cells

Answer 28

• excessively loud noises (prolonged loud noises)
• explosions
• dj/rock band member

Question 29

inner ear infection

Answer 29

• balance problem
• hurts
• dizzy

Question 30

how is sound localized; where it is coming from

- how does brain perceive?

Answer 30

• 1. difference in the time of arrival of the sound in each ear
• 2. difference in the loudness of the sound in each ear
• higher frequency of action potential sent