Final Exam - kidney

Question 1

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

Answer 1

Calcium oxalate

Question 2

What foods should you go easy on with oxalate stones?

Answer 2

go easy on high oxalate foods; spinach, beets, almonds, chocolate, dark chocolate, berries

additionally, assess for excessive sodium, can increase calcium in urin

Question 3

What is the nutrition care manual recommendation for oxalate stones?

Answer 3

½ c lemon juice a day increases urine citrate which binds to calcium so body can’t make calcium stones

Question 4

What is the most common cause of end stage renal disease?

Answer 4

diabetes is the most common cause

Question 5

What are the stages of kidney disease for glomular filtration rate?

Answer 5

1. 90-130 ml/min
2. 60-89 ml/min
3. 50-59 ml/min
4. 15-29 ml/min
5. less than 15 ml/min (ESRD)

Question 6

Goals of MNT for chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Answer 6

• optimize nutritional status
• tailor to individual needs and comorbid condiitons
• many people with diabetes also have CKD, MNT should follow for both
• general advice of Med Diet
• energy intake 25-35 kcal/kg

Question 7

What are the protein levels for CKD stages 3-5 not on dialysis with diabetes? And without?

Answer 7

• w/ diabetes: .6-.8 g/kg bodyweight
• w/o diabetes: protein restriction recommended .55-.6 g/kg bodyweight

once someone is on dialysis protein will go back up

Question 8

T/F: potassium is rich in salt substitues, so it’s not a good choice for ESRD patients

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

CKD MNT fluids/micronutrients

Answer 9

• restrict dietary phosphate to < 1200 mg/day
• calcium supplements
• active vitamin D (calcitriol)
• monitor blood pressure, edema, fluid weight gain, serum sodium, and dietary intake; more than 4-5 lbs between dialysis should restrict sodium
• MV specifically low in potassium
• possible iron supplementation